Information
about: immigration law, nonimmigrant visas, immigrant visas, "green
cards," labor certifications, family- and employment-based, naturalization.
Lawyers speak English, Japanese & Spanish. Areas entail:
H, L, O, P, F, EB, etc., specialist/professional visas, intracompany transferees,
investors, extraordinary ability, RIR, PERM, etc.
.....2007
News.....
Online USCIS
on-line AR-11 change of address:
USCIS
On-Line AR-11Change of Address
Download
"fillable" IRS change of address form:
IRS-8822
Download
DMV (NY) change of address form:
MV-232
Department
of Homeland Security (DHS)..
U.S.
Citizenship and Immigration Service (US CIS) (US
CIS)..
US
Department of State "VISA" Site (DOS
VISA)..
DHS
US VISIT (US VISIT)..
US
Department of Justice (DOJ)..
US
Department of State (DOS)..
US
Embassy/Consulate (USEMB/CON)..
Social
Security Administration (SSA)..
Internal
Revenue Service (IRS)..
American
Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA)..
RECENT NEWS/UPDATES:..January
2007
2007
Jan 22, 2007:
New Citizenship (Naturalization) Test...
Jan 12, 2007:
On-LIne AR-11 Change of Address...
Jan 10, 2007:
H/L Periods of Admission (6 Years?)...
HIGHLIGHTS
Indefinite:
Foreign
National Information/Database (Agency/Policy Section)
Indefinite:
US
VISIT "Biometric Identification" System (Agency/Policy Section)
Oct. 4, 2006: Diversity
Visa Lottery Program Registration: Oct 4, 2006 - Dec. 3, 2006
Oct. 26, 2005: US
CIS Announces Fee Increase (October 26, 2005)
Sept. 13, 2005:
State-by-State
Summary of State Laws on Driver's License (CRS Report)
July 1, 2005: Immigrant
Visa Retrogression: All Nationalities/Third Preference
April 1, 2005: Direct
Mail Program For I-485, I-765 and I-131, Phase Two: April 1, 2004
2006
Sept. 28, 2006:
Diversity
Visa Lottery Program Registration: Oct 4, 2006 - Dec. 3, 2006
Sept. 25, 2006:
Premium
Processing Expansion...
Sept. 15, 2006:
Security
Checks and Processing Delays...
August 18, 2006:
Premium
Processing Expansion
June 1, 2006:
H-1B
Visa Cap Reached
May 5, 2006:
Security
Checks and Processing Delays...
April 17, 2006:
The
Immigration Reform Bills...
April 3, 2006: Changes
in Submission Address for I-129 and I-140 Applications...
March 28, 2006:
H-1B
Filing Begins on April 1, 2006 for FY 2007 (Oct. 1, 2006 - Sept. 30, 2007)
March 13, 2006:
F
and M Visa "Stickers" Issued 120 Days Prior to Academic Study
Feb. 7, 2006: I-864
Affidavit of Support With Initial Filing (Tax Return - 1 Year Only)
Feb. 6, 2006: I-693
Medical Examination Submission With Initial Filing
Feb. 3, 2006: Interviews
Waived for Certain Family-Based Adjustment of Status Cases
Jan. 18, 2006: U.S.
Master's Degree Holder's H-1B Visa "Cap" Reached
Jan. 17, 2006: H-1B
Additional Periods (Keep Your Airline Tickets)
Jan. 12, 2006: H-1B
Filing Begins on April 1, 2006 for FY 2007 (Oct. 1, 2006 - Sept. 30, 2007)
Jan. 5, 2006: U.S.
Master's Degree Holder's H-1B Visa "Cap" Nearly Reached
2005 Highlights
Oct. 26, 2005: Digital
Photo Passport Requirement for VWP Travelers (October 26, 2005)
Oct. 26, 2005: US
CIS Announces Fee Increase (October 26, 2005)
Sept. 13, 2005:
State-by-State
Summary of State Laws on Driver's License (CRS Report)
July 2, 2005: AC21
105 Allows "Bridging" For H-1B "Portability" Applications
July 1, 2005: Immigrant
Visa Retrogression: All Nationalities/Third Preference
June 13, 2005: AC21
104(c) H-11B Periods (Beyond Initial 6-Year Limitation)
June 12, 2005: AC21
106(a) H-1B Periods (Beyond Initial 6-Year Limitation)
June 6, 2005: L-1
Visa Reform Act / "Blanket L" L-1s Require 1 Year Overseas Experience
June 6, 2005: L-1
Visa Reform Act / L-1B "Outsourcing" Limitation
June 1, 2005: All
I-90 "Green Card" To Be Filed at Los Angeles Lockbox...
May 15, 2005:
E-3
Visas for Australian Nationals (Spouses Eligible for Work Authorization)...
May 1, 2005:
US
CIS RFE (Request for Evidence) Issuance / US CIS Guidance Memorandum
April 15, 2005:
Correcting
Visa "Status (I-94)" Information
2005?:
Republicans:
Temporary Worker Status Proposal
(Inadmissibility Section)
2005?:
Democrats:
SOLVE Act (Inadmissibility Section)
MONTHLY
(Archived)
Monthly Archive
Index:
Monthly
Archive Index (1997-2005)
Agencies &
Policies Index:
Immigration
News: Agencies & Policies
Sections:
MAIN
INDEX (Immigration) of Marcos Negron & Akaike LLP
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Firm of Marcos Negron & Akaike LLP
Immigration
News: Agencies & Policies.
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2007
NEWS/UPDATES
Jan
22, 2007: New Citizenship (Naturalization) Test...
The USCIS is beginning a pilot program
on a new Naturalization test (for U.S. Citizenship). A revised Guide
to Naturalization is also available.
Download:
USCIS
New Naturalization Test Fact Sheet (DHS/USCIS) (Jan 2007)
Download:
USCIS
New Guide to Naturalization Booklet (DHS/USCIS) (Jan 2007).
Related:
Naturalization/Citizenship......
Jan
12, 2007: On-LIne AR-11 Change of Address...
The USCIS has implemented the on-line
change of address system but this applies to the AR-11 Form. There
has been problems in the past with the USCIS not properly acknowledging
a change of address request. The AR-11 is the "general" change of
address notification that is required by the USCIS. Depending on
the process/procedure that is being undertaken, it is always recommended
that a change of address notification include (1) phone call to the National
Benefits Center (18003755283), (2) via mail to Regional Service Center
(if appropriate), and (3) via mail to District Office.
Gov. Site:
USCIS
On-Line AR-11 Change of Address (DHS/USCIS) (Jan 2007)......
Jan
10, 2007: H/L Periods of Admission (6 Years?)...
The USCIS has issued a memorandum that
provides guidance in three areas regarding how adjudicators should determine
periods of admissions for an H or L beneficiary.
1) Clarifies that time spent as an H-4
and L-2 dependent does not count against the maximum allowable periods
of stay available to principals in H-1B and L-1 status.
2) Clarifies that H-1B aliens, who qualify
under American Competitiveness in the Twenty-First Century Act of 2000
(AC21) (Pub.L.106-313) section 106(a) and (c), need not be in H-1B status
when requesting an additional period of stay beyond the six year maximum.
3) Clarifies how to determine the
maximum period of admission in H-1B status for a beneficiary who was in
the United States in valid H-1B status for less than the six-year maximum
period of admission, but who has since been outside the United States for
more than one year.
Download:
USCIS
H/L Periods of Admission Memorandum (DHS/USCIS) (Jan 2007)
Related:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visa....
Related:
L
Nonimmigrant Visa..
2006
NEWS/UPDATES
Nov.
6, 2006: USCIS Expands Premium Processing Service...
The premium processing service will become
available to EB-1 aliens with extraordinary ability as of November 13,
2006.
Oct. 6, 2006: Pre-PERM
Applications: Conversion to RIR from Standard without Losing Priority
Date...
The DOL announced that any Standard Labor
Certification Applications submitted to a SWA with a postmark dated on
or before March 28, 2005 may request conversion to RIR. RIR takes significantly
less time than Standard Labor Certification; thus it is often preferred
over Standard. Conversion is effective as of today, and there is no specific
deadline by which an employer may request RIR conversion. However, once
the Backlog Elimination Center begins the recruitment process, the application
loses its eligibility for RIR conversion. If RIR is approved, the
case will move to the RIR processing queue, and the application will be
processed by the original priority date. If RIR eligibility is denied,
the case will remain in the Standard processing queue, and the application
will be processed by the original priority date, meaning, you will not
lose the priority date.
Sept.
28, 2006: 2008 Diversity Visa Lottery Program Registration...
Applications for the 2008 Diversity Visa
(DV) Lottery will be accepted between noon Eastern Daylight Time (EDT)
(GMT-4), Wednesday, October 4, 2006 and
noon Eastern Standard Time (EST) (GMT-5) Sunday,
December 3, 2006. Applicants may access the electronic Diversity
Visa entry form at www.dvlottery.state.gov
during the registration period. Paper entries will not be accepted.
Applicants are strongly encouraged not to wait until the last week of the
registration period to enter. Heavy demand may result in website
delays. No entries will be accepted after noon EST on December 3,
2006...
News Index:
News
Index
Main Index:
Immigration
Index....
Sept.
25, 2006: Premium Processing Expansion...
Starting on September
28, 2006, USCIS will further expand accepting Premium Processing
requests for petitions for certain I-140 employment-based immigrant preference
categories (for "green card"). Combined with the previous expansion
of premium processing, the following I-140 applications will be available
after September 28, 2006:
• EB-1, outstanding professors
and researchers,
• EB-2, members of professions with advanced
degrees or exceptional ability not seeking a National Interest Waiver,
• EB-3, workers other than skilled workers
and professionals (i.e., unskilled labor requiring less than two years
of training or experience),
• EB-3, Professionals, (i.e. immigrant
workers with bachelor degrees who are members of the professions),
• EB-3 Skilled Workers, (i.e. immigrant
workers capable of performing skilled labor requiring at least two years
of education, training or experience).
Under the Premium Processing Service, USCIS
guarantees petitioners that, for a $1,000 processing fee, it will issue
either an approval notice, or where appropriate, a notice of intent to
deny, a request for evidence or open an investigation for fraud or misrepresentation,
within 15 calendar days of receipt. If the petition is not processed within
15 calendar days, USCIS will refund the $1,000 fee and continue to process
the request as part of the Premium Processing Service. In addition to faster
processing, petitioners who participate in the program may use a dedicated
phone number and e-mail address to check on the status of their petition
or ask any other questions they may have concerning their petition.
Applications already submitted may be converted to Premium Processing through
various methods, including, E-filing (internet).
The USCIS has revised the Request for
Premium Processing Services form (Form I-907), to include expansion of
Premium Processing Service to the newly designated classifications.
Download:
Premium
Processing Expansion Memo (DHS/USCIS) (09/06)...
Download:
Premium
Processing Expansion Memo (DHS/USCIS) (06/06)....ess
Related:
Immigrant
Visa "Green Card" (Employment-Based)..
News Index:
News
Index
Main Index:
Immigration
Index.....
Sept.
15, 2006: Security Checks and Processing Delays...
Many benefit applications, including N-400
naturalization applications, filed with the USCIS, require immigration
security checks. Earlier this year, the USCIS published a press release
detailing the four major security checks that impact delays in processing
an application. Some security checks are handled by the USCIS, while
others by different government agencies. The IBIS Name Check (Interagency
Border Inspection System) seems to be the only security check that is relatively
fast, while the FBI Fingerprint Check takes some time, and the FBI Name
Check perhaps causing the most delays. These delays most commonly
impact I-485 adjustment of status ("green card") applications and N-400
naturalization ("citizenship") applications.
For example, for an I-485 family-based
adjustment application based on a marriage, while an interview may have
already occurred and everything seem perfectly fine, applicants must still
wait until the FBI Fingerprint/Name checks are complete (sometimes additional
fingerprinting can be requested by the USCIS) before a decision is given
by the USCIS/
For N-400 naturalization applications,
the average processing times is now 6 months compared to 14 months earlier
this year, and on Sept. 15, 2006, the USCIS
announced that backlogs for N-400 applications have been substantially
eliminated (note, however, that the USCIS does not consider applications
with pending security checks by other government agencies to be within
their control).
Download:
USCIS
Fact Sheet on Elimination of N-400 Backlogs (DHS/USCIS) (09/06)
Download:
USCIS
Fact Sheet on Security Checks (DHS/USCIS) (04/06)
Download:
USCIS
Interoffice Memorandum / Security Checks for N-400 Applications (DHS/USCIS)
(04/06).
News Index:
News
Index....
Main Index:
Immigration
Index....
August
18, 2006: Premium Processing Expansion
Starting on August
28, 2006, USCIS will begin accepting Premium Processing requests
for petitions involving two employment-based immigration “categories” within
the third employment-based “preference.” Those categories involve
EB-3 Professionals, (i.e. immigrant workers with bachelor degrees who are
members of the professions), and EB-3 Skilled Workers, (i.e. immigrant
workers capable of performing skilled labor requiring at least two years
of education, training or experience). Employers file for both categories
using an Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker (Form I-140). Premium Processing
is not available to “other workers” in the EB-3 category for jobs that
do not require two years of education, training or experience.
Under the Premium Processing Service,
USCIS guarantees petitioners that, for a $1,000 processing fee, it will
issue either an approval notice, or where appropriate, a notice of intent
to deny, a request for evidence or open an investigation for fraud or misrepresentation,
within 15 calendar days of receipt. If the petition is not processed within
15 calendar days, USCIS will refund the $1,000 fee and continue to process
the request as part of the Premium Processing Service. In addition to faster
processing, petitioners who participate in the program may use a dedicated
phone number and e-mail address to check on the status of their petition
or ask any other questions they may have concerning their petition.
Applications already submitted may be converted to Premium Processing through
various methods, including, E-filing (internet).
The USCIS has revised the Request for
Premium Processing Services form (Form I-907), to include expansion of
Premium Processing Service to the newly designated classifications.
Download:
Premium
Processing Expansion Memo (DHS/USCIS) (06/06)....ess
Related:
Immigrant
Visa "Green Card" (Employment-Based).
News Index:
News
Index....
Main Index:
Immigration
Index......
June
1, 2006: H-1B Visa Cap Reached
After publishing on May 25, 2006 that
there were approximately 10,000 H-1B visa numbers remaining for FY2007,
on June 1, 2006, the USCIS has announced that as of May 26, 2006, the H-1B
visa numbers for FY2007 has been reached*.
The "final receipt date" for H-1B applications subject to the FY 2007 annual
cap (October 1, 2006 - September 30, 2007) is May 26, 2006. Affected
H-1B applications received on that date will be subject to the random selection
process.
Note:
U.S.
Masters and higher degree holders can still apply for FY2007.
20,000 H-1B visas
are available for foreign nationals with Masters and higher degrees from
U.S. graduate schools. As of June 2006, there are approximately 14,000
remaining. Applicants should file as
soon as possible.
Note:
Cap-exempt
H-1B visa applications can be applied at any time.
H-1B applications
that are
not subject to the numerical limitation are not affected
by the "visa cap" problem. Therefore, cap-exempt H-1B employment
start date can be on/before/after October 1, 2006.
Applications that
are not subject to the cap are:
a)(1) H-1B
extension application for the same H-1B employer/petitioner,
a)(2) H-1B
application by an H-1B visa holder to work concurrently for a new employer/peititioner,
unless current H-1B employer is (c), (d), or (e) below AND the new
H-1B employer is not (c), (d) or (e) below,
b) H-1B change
of H-1B employer/petitioner application (including extension), unless,
the prior H-1B employer was (c), (d), or (e) below AND the new H-1B
employer is not (c), (d) or (e) below.
c) The H-1B
petitioner/employer is an institution of higher education as defined in
the Higher Education Act of 1965, section 101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
d) The H-1B
petitioner/employer is a nonprofit organization or entity related to or
affiliated with an institution of higher education, as such institutions
of higher education are defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965, section
101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
e) The H-1B
petitioner/employer is a nonprofit research organization or a governmental
research organization, as defined in 8 CFR 214.2(h)(19)(iii)(C).
f) The H-1B
beneficiary/employee of the application is a J-1 nonimmigrant alien (graduate
medical education or training pursuant to IAN 212(e)(iii)) who received
a waiver of the 2-year foreign residency requirement described in section
214(l)(1)(B) of the Act (commonly referred to as the Conrad State 20 program).
g) The H-1B
beneficiary/employee has been previously granted status as an H-1B nonimmigrant
in the past 6 years and not left the United States for more than a year
after attaining such status,
h) 20,000
(limited to) foreign nationals with Masters and higher degrees from U.S.
graduate schools (limited to 20,000 per fiscal year [for FY 2006, as of
May 25, 2006, there are approximately 14,000 available]).
*After publishing
on May 25, 2006 that there were approximately 10,000 H-1B visa numbers
remaining for FY2007, on June 1, 2006, the USCIS has announced that as
of May 26, 2006, the H-1B visa numbers for FY2007 has been reached.
According to AILA (AILA Infonet Doc. No.
06060270, posted June 2, 2006), the sudden deluge of H-1B applications
that occurred between May 25 and May 26 is due in part because of data-entering
delays and backlogs caused by the new Bi-Specialization filing (effective
April 1, 2006). Bi-Specialization filing changed the procedure where
I-129 applications (such as H-1Bs) were no longer filed at four regional
service centers, but only at the VSC (Vermont Service Center).
Details:
Changes
in Submission Address for I-129 and I-140 Applications |
Download:
FY
2007 H-1B Visa Cap Reached Memo (DHS/USCIS) (06/06)....
Gov. Site:
Official
FY 2007 H-1B Visa Number Site (DHS/USCIS) (June 2006)press
Details:
H-1B
Visa "Cap" Numerical Limitation Section (H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
Related:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visa
Contact Our Firm:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visa...
News Index:
News
Index....
Main Index:
Immigration
Index.......
May
5, 2006: Security Checks and Processing Delays...
Many benefit applications filed with the
USCIS require immigration security checks, and the USCIS has published
a press release detailing the four major security checks. There is
a relationship and also a discrepancy in the processing if a benefit application
based on the security check procedure with the USCIS and other government
agencies such as the FBI, that can add to delays. The IBIS Name Check
(Interagency Border Inspection System) seems to be the only security check
that is relatively fast, while the FBI Fingerprint Check takes some time,
and the FBI Name Check perhaps causing the most delays. These delays
seem to most commonly impact I-485 adjustment of status ("green card")
applications and N-400 naturalization ("citizenship") applications.
For the former, while an interview may have already occurred, applicants
must wait until the FBI Fingerprint/Name checks finish (sometimes additional
fingerprinting can be requested by the USCIS). For N-400 naturalization
applications, interviews are being post-poned until the FBI Name Check
is completed.
Download:
USCIS
Fact Sheet on Security Checks (DHS/USCIS) (04/06)
Download:
USCIS
Interoffice Memorandum / Security Checks for N-400 Applications (DHS/USCIS)
(04/06)...
April
17, 2006: The Immigration Reform Bills...
Two bills introduced in the 109th Congress
that focus on reforming the immigration system represents different approaches
-- the Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act of 2005 (S. 1033/H.R.
2330), introduced on May 12, 2005, by Senators John McCain (R-AZ) and Edward
Kennedy (D-MA), and the Comprehensive Enforcement and Immigration Reform
Act (S. 1438), introduced on July 20, 2005, by Senators John Cornyn (R-TX)
and Jon Kyl (R-AZ). It is important to note that the McCain-Kennedy
bill which has gained media attention has is very far from becoming enacted
into law. Many aspects of the debated bill will change before it
becomes law, but the current McCain-Kennedy bill includes creating a new
employment-based nonimmigrant visa worker category (H-5A) that allows for
self-petitioning for an immigrant visa ("green card") and a similar program
for currently illegal individuals in the U.S. (the H-5B -- which also requires
a paying a penalty, proving residence in the U.S., employment history,
etc.). The "path to Citizenship" only means that once an individual
obtains the H-5A/B, then, he/she may thereafter be eligible for an immigrant
visa ("green card"), and thereafter, become eligible to apply for U.S.
Citizenship (by filing and obtaining approval of the Naturalization application).
There is no "amnesty," as individuals for both the H-5A/B must meet many
requirements to be approved, but in the H-5B there is a waiver for "overstaying
(which prohibits individuals from obtaining status because of inadmissibility
grounds)." The bills may again be debated when Congress returns on
April 24, 2006......
April
3, 2006: Changes in Submission Address for I-129 and
I-140 Applications...
Immigration-related applications are submitted
and processed at various offices, including the Local/District US CIS Office,
the local ASC (Application Support Center), the NBC (National Benefits
Center, formerly the MSC), the four major regional service centers:
VSC (Vermont), CSC (California), TSC (Texas), and NSC (Nebraska), and others.
Starting on April 1, 2006, all employment-based I-129 nonimmigrant visa
applications are submitted to the VSC (to be processed by the VSC and the
CSC), and all employment-based I-140 immigrant visa applications are submitted
to the NSC (to be processed by the NSC and TSC).
Download:
Changes
in Submission Address for I-129/I-140 (DHS/USCIS) (04/06).....
March
28, 2006: H-1B Filing Begins on April 1, 2006 for
FY 2007 (Oct. 1, 2006 - Sept. 30, 2007)
Over the past two years, the H-1B visa
numbers have rapidly disappeared. For applications subject to FY
2007 (H-1Bs commencing between Oct. 1, 2006 - Sept. 30, 2007), applications
can be submitted on April 1, 2006
(however, H-1B employment cannot begin until Oct.
1, 2006). It is expected that FY 2007
H-1B numbers will be met sometime between August and October of 2006.
Note:
Oct.
1, 2006: H-1B Employment Start Date
If the beneficiary
of an H-1B application is in valid visa "status" on October 1, 2005, then
the H-1B petitioner/employer can file a H-1B "change of status" application
subject to the FY 2007 H-1B numerical limitation beginning on April 1,
2006. (The beneficiary must be in "status" to request a "change of
status," not just "authorized stay.") However, even if the beneficiary
is in status on April 1, 2006, if his/her status expires before October
1, 2006, then he/she may have to depart the United States.
The reason is that when filing a change of visa status application, the
new visa "status" start-up date must be within the validity period
of the visa "status" (at the time of filing).
Example:
No
Need to Depart the United States
1. F-1 (OPT+60 days) visa "status"
expires on October 1, 2006.
2. File a
"change of status" H-1B application (subject to the FY 2007 H-1B numerical
limitation) on April 1, 2006.
In the application,
request an H-1B employment start-up date of October 1, 2006 (cannot request
earlier date because FY 2007 H-1B visas can only be issued on October 1,
2006).
3. The beneficiary
of this application does not have to depart the United States, because
he/she will be able to "change status" in the United States.
Reason: The
beneficiary's F-1 visa "status" expires on October 1, 2006,
and the requested H-1B visa "status" begins on October 1, 2006
-- there is no gap in the visa "status".
Example: May
Need to Depart the United States
1. F-1 (OPT+60 days) expires on
August 1, 2006.
2. File a
"change of status" H-1B application (subject to the FY 2007 H-1B numerical
limitation) on April 1, 2006.
In the application,
request an H-1B employment start-up date of October 1, 2006
(cannot request earlier date because FY 2007 H-1B visas can only
be issued on October 1, 2006).
3. The beneficiary of this application
may
have to depart the United States, because he/she will not be
able to "change status" in the United States.
Reason: The
beneficiary's F-1 visa "status" expires on August 1, 2006,
and the requested H-1B visa "status" begins on October 1, 2006
-- there is a gap in the visa "status".
Note:
"F"
and "J" Holders' Visa "Status" Expiration Date
For "F" and "J" visa "status"
holders, there is a grace period that is considered as valid "status."
For example, if the F-1 (OPT) work authorization expires on July 1, 2006,
then, there is a a 60-day grace period. In this case, the F-1 visa
"status" will expire on September 1, 2006.
Several years ago, "F" and "J" visa "status"
holders were provided with an extended "duration of status." While
this special extension did not provide employment authorization, it allowed
"F" and "J" visa "status" holders to remain in the United States until
October 1 in valid status and therefore "change status" to the H-1B visa
category. There has been NO announcement
in regard to this special rule for FY 2007 as of January 2006.
Note:
Cap-exempt
H-1B visa applications can be applied at any time and can start before
Oct. 1, 2006
H-1B applications
that are
not subject to the numerical limitation are not affected
by the "visa cap" problem. Therefore, cap-exempt H-1B employment
start date can be on/before October 1, 2006.
Applications that
are not subject to the cap are:
a) H-1B extension
application for the same H-1B employer/petitioner,
b) H-1B change
of H-1B employer/petitioner application (including extension at the same
time), unless, the current/prior H-1B employer is/was (c), (d), or (e)
below AND the new H-1B employer is not (c), (d) or (e) below.
c) The H-1B
petitioner/employer is an institution of higher education as defined in
the Higher Education Act of 1965, section 101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
d) The H-1B
petitioner/employer is a nonprofit organization or entity related to or
affiliated with an institution of higher education, as such institutions
of higher education are defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965, section
101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
e) The H-1B
petitioner/employer is a nonprofit research organization or a governmental
research organization, as defined in 8 CFR 214.2(h)(19)(iii)(C).
f) The H-1B
beneficiary/employee of the application is a J-1 nonimmigrant alien (graduate
medical education or training pursuant to IAN 212(e)(iii)) who received
a waiver of the 2-year foreign residency requirement described in section
214(l)(1)(B) of the Act (commonly referred to as the Conrad State 20 program).
g) The H-1B
beneficiary/employee has been previously granted status as an H-1B nonimmigrant
in the past 6 years and not left the United States for more than a year
after attaining such status,
h) 20,000
(limited to) foreign nationals with Masters and higher degrees from U.S.
graduate schools (limited to 20,000 per fiscal year [for FY 2006, as of
January 2006, there are only 600 remaining and available]).
Download:
FY
2007 H-1B Visa Commencement Memo (DHS/USCIS) (03/06)....
Gov. Site:
Official
FY 2007 H-1B Visa Number Site (DHS/USCIS) (April 2006)press
Details:
H-1B
Visa "Cap" Numerical Limitation Section (H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
Related(LINK):
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visa
Contact Our Firm/Download
Questionnaire:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visa.....
March
13, 2006: F and M Visa "Stickers" Issued 120 Days
Prior to Academic Study
The Department of State clarifies that
students may apply for the F-1, J-1 and M-1 nonimmigrant visa "sticker"
issuance at the U.S. Consulate/Embassy 120 days prior to the commencement
of academic study (previously 90 days). This is not the same as when
students are allowed to enter the United States. Currently, F-1,
J-1 and M-1 visa "sticker" holders may enter the U.S. 30 days before commencement
of academic study (in the future, this may be changed to allow students
to enter 45 days before commencing the academic program).
Download:
F/M
Visas Issued 120 Days Prior to Academic Study (DOS) (03/06).......
February
7, 2006: I-864 Affidavit of Support Submission With
Initial Filing (Tax Return - 1 Year Only)
The I-485 Adjustment of Status is the
process for applicants who are physically present in the United States
and seeks issuance of Legal Permanent Resident "Green Card" status in the
United States. Applying for Legal Permanent Resident "Green Card" status,
based on a family relationship, is generally a 2-step process: (i) the
I-130 Relative Petition and (ii) the application for an immigrant visa.
To file an I-485 Adjustment application, the -130 Relative Petition must
be approved and its "priority date" current (priority date is based
on the nature of the family relationship). For
a spouse of a U.S. Citizen, the priority date is current, and therefore,
if the applicant is in the United States, the I-130 and the I-485 can be
filed simultaneously. No longer filed at District/Local USCIS offices,
the application is filed with the National Benefits Center (NBC) under
the Direct Filing Program. After submission to the NBC, the applicant
visits the local Application Support Center (ASC) and then attend an "adjustment
of status" interview at the District/Local USCIS Office. The US CIS
needs to make a determination that the applicants' family (specifically,
the foreign national spouse) will not become a "public charge". In
this regard, employment and financial documents,
and Form I-864 (and I-864(A)) assures the
USCIS that applicants are financially viable. The USCIS will verify
that the applicant's household income is above the annual Poverty
Guideline (125%), by examining the current financial standing of the applicant's
household income (W-2, employment verification letters, bank statements,
assets). Additionally, the Poverty Guideline must be met for three
(3) years preceding the date of admission (adjustment of status interview).
In an Interoffice Memorandum, Michael Aytes, Acting Director for
Domestic Operations, the USCIS policy has been amended so that (1) only
one Federal Income Tax Return, for the tax year most recent as of the date
the Form I-864 is signed is required, and (2) that such documents and the
I-864 be submitted with initial filing. The new policy applies to
I-485 Adjustment of Status applications (family-based) submitted after
December of 2005.
Download:
I-864
Affidavit of Support Submission With Initial Filing (DHS/USCIS) (12/05)
Download:
2006
Poverty Guidelines (HHS) (01/06)
Details:
Immigrant
Visa "Green Card" / I-485 Adjustment of Statuspress
Contact Our Firm/Download
Questionnaire:
I-485
Adjustment (Family) Visa Questionnaire...........
February
6, 2006: I-693 Medical Examination Submission With Initial Filing
The I-485 Adjustment of Status is the
process for applicants who are physically present in the United States
and seeks issuance of Legal Permanent Resident "Green Card" status in the
United States. Applying for Legal Permanent Resident "Green Card" status,
based on a family relationship, is generally a 2-step process: (i) the
I-130 Relative Petition and (ii) the application for an immigrant visa.
To file an I-485 Adjustment application, the -130 Relative Petition must
be approved and its "priority date" current (priority date is based
on the nature of the family relationship). For
a spouse of a U.S. Citizen, the priority date is current, and therefore,
if the applicant is in the United States, the I-130 and the I-485 can be
filed simultaneously. No longer filed at District/Local USCIS offices,
the application is filed with the National Benefits Center (NBC) under
the Direct Filing Program. After submission to the NBC, the applicant
visits the local Application Support Center (ASC) and then attend an "adjustment
of status" interview at the District/Local USCIS Office. The
I-693 Medical Exam is required to be submitted,
but the examination is only valid for 1-year. Pending applications
sometimes take 2 years until completion, and therefore, the medical exams
-- in the past -- were not provided to the USCIS with the initial submission
(because applicants would be forced to take another medical examination
before the interview).
The USCIS reaffirms
that the I-693 Medical Exam be submitted with the initial submission as
it will extend the validity of the civil surgeon's endorsement on an I-693
Medical Exam until the time of adjudication/completion.
Download:
I-693
Medical Examination Submission with Initial Filing (DHS/USCIS) (01/06)
Details:
Immigrant
Visa "Green Card" / I-485 Adjustment of Statuspress
Contact Our Firm/Download
Questionnaire:
I-485
Adjustment (Family) Visa Questionnaire......
February
3, 2006: Interviews Waived for Certain Family-Based
Adjustment of Status Cases
The I-485 Adjustment of Status is the
process for applicants who are physically present in the United States
and seeks issuance of Legal Permanent Resident "Green Card" status in the
United States. Applying for Legal Permanent Resident "Green Card"
status, based on a family relationship, is generally a 2-step process:
(i) the I-130 Relative Petition and (ii) the application for an immigrant
visa. To file an I-485 Adjustment application, the -130 Relative
Petition must be approved and its "priority date" current (priority
date is based on the nature of the family relationship). For
a spouse of a U.S. Citizen, the priority date is current, and therefore,
if the applicant is in the United States, the I-130 and the I-485 can be
filed simultaneously. No longer filed at District/Local USCIS offices,
the application is filed with the National Benefits Center (NBC) under
the Direct Filing Program. After submission to the NBC, the applicant
visits the local Application Support Center (ASC) and then attends an "adjustment
of status" interview at the District/Local
USCIS Office. However, as part of the backlog elimination
efforts, certain pending I-485 cases are being transferred from the NBC
to the Regional Service Center -- California Service Center (CSC) -- applications
which are deemed to not require an in-person "adjustment of status" interview.
These applications, if no interview is required, will be adjudicated by
the CSC (applicants will be notified by mail, from the NBC and the CSC,
not by the District/Local USCIS Office).
Download:
Transfer
from NBC to CSC / Interviews Waived (DHS/USCIS) (12/05)
Download:
MNA/ARIA
Transfer from NBC to CSC / Interviews Waived (DHS/USCIS) (12/05)
Details:
Immigrant
Visa "Green Card" / I-485 Adjustment of Statuspress
Contact Our Firm/Download
Questionnaire:
I-485
Adjustment (Family) Visa Questionnaire...
January
18, 2006: U.S. Master's Degree Holder's H-1B Visa
"Cap" Reached
As directed by the H-1B Visa Reform Act
of 2004, the USCIS treats as exempt from the cap for any fiscal year the
first 20,000 H-1B petitions reflecting an alien beneficiary with a U.S.-earned
Master's or higher degree. The US CIS announced that it has received
enough H-1B petitions that qualify for the exemption from the FY 2006 (Oct.
1, 2005 - Sept. 30, 2006) H-1B numerical limitations for foreign workers
with a U.S.-earned master’s or higher. The final receipt date for
the 20,000 cap-exempt H-1B petitions is January 16, 2006. Applications
received ON January 17, 2006 will be subject to a random selection
(and those who are selected will be counted towards the FY2006 H-1B visa).
Note:
Cap-exempt
H-1B visa applications can be applied at any time and can start before
Oct. 1, 2006
H-1B applications
that are
not subject to the numerical limitation are not affected
by the "visa cap" problem. Therefore, cap-exempt H-1B employment
start date can be on/before October 1, 2006.
Applications that
are not subject to the cap are:
a) H-1B extension
application for the same H-1B employer/petitioner,
b) H-1B change
of H-1B employer/petitioner application (including extension at the same
time), unless, the current/prior H-1B employer is/was (c), (d), or (e)
below AND the new H-1B employer is not (c), (d) or (e) below.
c) The H-1B
petitioner/employer is an institution of higher education as defined in
the Higher Education Act of 1965, section 101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
d) The H-1B
petitioner/employer is a nonprofit organization or entity related to or
affiliated with an institution of higher education, as such institutions
of higher education are defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965, section
101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
e) The H-1B
petitioner/employer is a nonprofit research organization or a governmental
research organization, as defined in 8 CFR 214.2(h)(19)(iii)(C).
f) The H-1B
beneficiary/employee of the application is a J-1 nonimmigrant alien (graduate
medical education or training pursuant to IAN 212(e)(iii)) who received
a waiver of the 2-year foreign residency requirement described in section
214(l)(1)(B) of the Act (commonly referred to as the Conrad State 20 program).
g) The H-1B
beneficiary/employee has been previously granted status as an H-1B nonimmigrant
in the past 6 years and not left the United States for more than a year
after attaining such status,
h) 20,000
(limited to) foreign nationals with Masters and higher degrees from U.S.
graduate schools (limited to 20,000 per fiscal year [for FY 2006, as of
January 2006, there are only 600 remaining and available]).
Download:
Master's+
Degree FY2006 H-1B Visa Cap Reached (DHS/USCIS) (01/06)
Gov. Site:
Official
H-1B Visa Number Site (DHS/USCIS) (Jan. 2006)press
Details:
H-1B
VISA "CAP" (H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
Details:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visapress
Contact Our Firm/Download
Questionnaire:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visa Questionnaire......
8January
17, 20068 H-1B Additional Periods (Keep Your Airline
Tickets)
H-1B visas are generally
valid for a total of six (6) years (generally, applied in three-year increments).
There are several ways to extend this 6-year limitation, and one is "recapturing"
unused H-1B visa periods. Recapturing is possible when an H-1B employee/beneficiary
can demonstrate that he/she, during the H-1B visa validity period,
spent time outside the United States. In the past, such time had
to be considered as "meaningfully interruptive" (maternity leave, extended
medical leave, long term details outside the United States). Vacations
and sick days were NOT considered meaningfully interruptive.
Note:
New
Rule
Any days (24 hour
period) spent outside of the United States during the validity period of
an H-1B (or L-1 petition) will not be counted toward the maximum period
of stay in the United States in H-1B or L-1 status, provided that the beneficiary/employee
is able to submit independent documentary evidence establishing that he
or she was in fact physically outside of the United States during the day(s)
for which the alien is seeking recapture (INA § 101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b)
and INA § 101(a)(15)(L).). Evidence can include copies of I-94
Arrival/Departure cards (small white card inside the passport, issued upon
entry into the United States by the USCBP that indicate date of entry),
entry notations by a foreign country in the passport (entry notations by
the U.S. when entering the U.S.), and airline tickets. 000
Download:
"H-1B
Recapture" Clarification Memo (10/05) (US CIS)
Details:
Additional
H-1B Visa Periods (H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
Details:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visa000
Contact Our Firm/Download
Questionnaire:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visa.
8January
12, 20068 H-1B Filing Begins on April 1, 2006 for
FY 2007 (Oct. 1, 2006 - Sept. 30, 2007)
Over the past two years, the H-1B visa
numbers have rapidly disappeared. For applications subject to FY
2007 (H-1Bs commencing between Oct. 1, 2006 - Sept. 30, 2007), applications
can be submitted on April 1, 2006
(however, H-1B employment cannot begin until Oct.
1, 2006).
Note:
Oct.
1, 2006: H-1B Employment Start Date
If the beneficiary
of an H-1B application is in valid visa "status" on October 1, 2005, then
the H-1B petitioner/employer can file a H-1B "change of status" application
subject to the FY 2007 H-1B numerical limitation beginning on April 1,
2006. (The beneficiary must be in "status" to request a "change of
status," not just "authorized stay.") However, even if the beneficiary
is in status on April 1, 2006, if his/her status expires before October
1, 2006, then he/she may have to depart the United States.
The reason is that when filing a change of visa status application, the
new visa "status" start-up date must be within the validity period
of the visa "status" (at the time of filing).
Example:
No
Need to Depart the United States
1. F-1 (OPT+60 days) visa "status"
expires on October 1, 2006.
2. File a
"change of status" H-1B application (subject to the FY 2007 H-1B numerical
limitation) on April 1, 2006.
In the application,
request an H-1B employment start-up date of October 1, 2006 (cannot request
earlier date because FY 2007 H-1B visas can only be issued on October 1,
2006).
3. The beneficiary
of this application does not have to depart the United States, because
he/she will be able to "change status" in the United States.
Reason: The
beneficiary's F-1 visa "status" expires on October 1, 2006,
and the requested H-1B visa "status" begins on October 1, 2006
-- there is no gap in the visa "status".
Example: May
Need to Depart the United States
1. F-1 (OPT+60 days) expires on
August 1, 2006.
2. File a
"change of status" H-1B application (subject to the FY 2007 H-1B numerical
limitation) on April 1, 2006.
In the application,
request an H-1B employment start-up date of October 1, 2006
(cannot request earlier date because FY 2007 H-1B visas can only
be issued on October 1, 2006).
3. The beneficiary of this application
may
have to depart the United States, because he/she will not be
able to "change status" in the United States.
Reason: The
beneficiary's F-1 visa "status" expires on August 1, 2006,
and the requested H-1B visa "status" begins on October 1, 2006
-- there is a gap in the visa "status".
Note:
"F"
and "J" Holders' Visa "Status" Expiration Date
For "F" and "J" visa "status"
holders, there is a grace period that is considered as valid "status."
For example, if the F-1 (OPT) work authorization expires on July 1, 2006,
then, there is a a 60-day grace period. In this case, the F-1 visa
"status" will expire on September 1, 2006.
Several years ago, "F" and "J" visa "status"
holders were provided with an extended "duration of status." While
this special extension did not provide employment authorization, it allowed
"F" and "J" visa "status" holders to remain in the United States until
October 1 in valid status and therefore "change status" to the H-1B visa
category. There has been NO announcement
in regard to this special rule for FY 2007 as of January 2006.
Note:
Cap-exempt
H-1B visa applications can be applied at any time and can start before
Oct. 1, 2006
H-1B applications
that are
not subject to the numerical limitation are not affected
by the "visa cap" problem. Therefore, cap-exempt H-1B employment
start date can be on/before October 1, 2006.
Applications that
are not subject to the cap are:
a) H-1B extension
application for the same H-1B employer/petitioner,
b) H-1B change
of H-1B employer/petitioner application (including extension at the same
time), unless, the current/prior H-1B employer is/was (c), (d), or (e)
below AND the new H-1B employer is not (c), (d) or (e) below.
c) The H-1B
petitioner/employer is an institution of higher education as defined in
the Higher Education Act of 1965, section 101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
d) The H-1B
petitioner/employer is a nonprofit organization or entity related to or
affiliated with an institution of higher education, as such institutions
of higher education are defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965, section
101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
e) The H-1B
petitioner/employer is a nonprofit research organization or a governmental
research organization, as defined in 8 CFR 214.2(h)(19)(iii)(C).
f) The H-1B
beneficiary/employee of the application is a J-1 nonimmigrant alien (graduate
medical education or training pursuant to IAN 212(e)(iii)) who received
a waiver of the 2-year foreign residency requirement described in section
214(l)(1)(B) of the Act (commonly referred to as the Conrad State 20 program).
g) The H-1B
beneficiary/employee has been previously granted status as an H-1B nonimmigrant
in the past 6 years and not left the United States for more than a year
after attaining such status,
h) 20,000
(limited to) foreign nationals with Masters and higher degrees from U.S.
graduate schools (limited to 20,000 per fiscal year [for FY 2006, as of
January 2006, there are only 600 remaining and available]).
Gov. Site:
Official
H-1B Visa Number Site (DHS/USCIS) (Jan. 2006)press
Details:
H-1B
Visa "Cap" Numerical Limitation Section (H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
Related(LINK):
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visa
Contact Our Firm/Download
Questionnaire:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visa.
8January
5, 20068 U.S. Master's Degree Holder's H-1B Visa "Cap"
Nearly Reached
As directed by the H-1B Visa Reform Act
of 2004, the USCIS treats as exempt from the cap for any fiscal year the
first 20,000 H-1B petitions reflecting an alien beneficiary with a U.S.-earned
Master's or higher degree. As of January 2006, there are approximately
600 H-1B visas available for U.S. Master's Degree (or higher) holders for
FY 2006 (Oct. 1, 2005 - Sept. 30, 2006). Those who meet the criteria
and seek the H-1B visa before September 30, 2006 need to apply immediately
to qualify (those who seek H-1B visas to commence on/after October 1, 2006
can begin filing on April 1, 2006).
Note:
Cap-exempt
H-1B visa applications can be applied at any time and can start before
Oct. 1, 2006
H-1B applications
that are
not subject to the numerical limitation are not affected
by the "visa cap" problem. Therefore, cap-exempt H-1B employment
start date can be on/before October 1, 2006.
Applications that
are not subject to the cap are:
a) H-1B extension
application for the same H-1B employer/petitioner,
b) H-1B change
of H-1B employer/petitioner application (including extension at the same
time), unless, the current/prior H-1B employer is/was (c), (d), or (e)
below AND the new H-1B employer is not (c), (d) or (e) below.
c) The H-1B
petitioner/employer is an institution of higher education as defined in
the Higher Education Act of 1965, section 101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
d) The H-1B
petitioner/employer is a nonprofit organization or entity related to or
affiliated with an institution of higher education, as such institutions
of higher education are defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965, section
101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
e) The H-1B
petitioner/employer is a nonprofit research organization or a governmental
research organization, as defined in 8 CFR 214.2(h)(19)(iii)(C).
f) The H-1B
beneficiary/employee of the application is a J-1 nonimmigrant alien (graduate
medical education or training pursuant to IAN 212(e)(iii)) who received
a waiver of the 2-year foreign residency requirement described in section
214(l)(1)(B) of the Act (commonly referred to as the Conrad State 20 program).
g) The H-1B
beneficiary/employee has been previously granted status as an H-1B nonimmigrant
in the past 6 years and not left the United States for more than a year
after attaining such status,
h) 20,000
(limited to) foreign nationals with Masters and higher degrees from U.S.
graduate schools (limited to 20,000 per fiscal year [for FY 2006, as of
January 2006, there are only 600 remaining and available]).
Gov. Site:
Official
H-1B Visa Number Site (DHS/USCIS) (Jan. 2006)press
Details:
H-1B
VISA "CAP" (H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
Details:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visapress
Contact Our Firm/Download
Questionnaire:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visa Questionnaire.0
2005
Highlights
8October
26, 20058 US VISIT Digital Photo Passport Requirement
for VWP Travelers (October 26, 2005)
The DHS (Department
of Homeland Security) implemented the "U.S. Visitor and Immigrant Status
Indication Technology (US VISIT)" system -- the use of biometric identification
for foreign nationals entering/departing the United States. This
system requires from all foreign nationals a minimum of two biometric identifiers,
such as digital photographs and fingerprints. More importantly, the
US VISIT system accesses immigration information about an individual's
past/present entry, departure, and stay, and access criminal history (such
as DWI and shoplifting) and other information stored in the government's
databases. During the past 2 years, implementation of the US VISIT
for entry and departure have been implemented.
"Biometric Entry"
Entry/Inspection Information Collection
This system requires from a majority of
foreign nationals a minimum of two biometric identifiers upon entry/admission
to the United States at the POE (port-of-entry): digital photographs
and digital fingerprints.
"Biometric Exit"
Exit Information Collection
"Biometric exit" is similar to the
biometric entry/inspection system and requires the foreign national, at
the time of departure, to provide a minimum of two biometric identifiers:
digital photographs and digital fingerprints. Currently, three methods/types
of "biometric exit" system are utilized/contemplated: at a self-service
"kiosk (ATM)", "handheld scanning by WSA (Work Station Attendants)," or
a combination of both. Regardless, it appears that printed
receipts, obtained through the kiosk and/or WSA may be required to be presented
at the gate before boarding.
VWP (Visa Waiver
Program) Travelers - Digital Photo Passport Requirement
Travelers who are
not required to obtain a "visa sticker" at a U.S. Embassy/Consulate, such
as visitors using the VWP (Visa Waiver Program) are strictly required to
undergo US VISIT entry/exit inspection as they are not subject to background
checks that accompany the "visa sticker" issuance process at the U.S. Embassy/Consulate.
As of June
26, 2005, VWP travelers are required to have
MRP (machine-readable passports).
As of October
26, 2005, VWP travelers are required to have
MRP (machine-readable passports) that include a digital facial photo (unless
passport is MRP and was issued prior to October 26, 2005).
A VWP Traveler who
do not meet the above requirements are required to obtain a "visa sticker"
(such as the B-1/2) at the U.S. Embassy/Consulate and will not be able
to enter the United States under the VWP. (The following 27 countries
are currently in the VWP: Andorra, Austria, Australia, Belgium, Brunei,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein,
Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, San Marino,
Singapore, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom
(including citizens with the unrestricted right of permanent abode in England,
Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands and the Isle of
Man).)
As of October
26, 2006, VWP travelers are required to have
"e-Passports." An e-/biometric-Passport has a "biometric"
or a "biometric identifier" (an objective measurement of a physical characteristic
of an individual) which, when captured in a database, can be used to verify
identity or check against other entries in the database.
The best known biometric is the fingerprint, but others include facial
recognition and iris scans. The standard determined by the International
Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) utilizes facial recognition technology
and stores it on a contactless chip embedded in the passport. Exceptions
will be allowed for individuals who have a MRP passport that was issued
prior to October 26, 2005 and to those who have a MRP passport with a digital
facial photo if issued between October 26, 2005 and October 26, 2006.
Download:
US
VISIT & VWP Passport Requirements (DHS) (10/2005)
Gov. Site:
US
VISIT Site (10/2005) (DHS)
Details/Topic:
"US
VISIT" System
Details/Topic:
Database
of Foreign Nationals
Related(LINK):
Entry/Admission
& Inadmissibility Bars...
8October
26, 20058 US CIS Announces Fee Increase (October 26,
2005)
The US CIS announced
a revised fee structure for immigration benefits applications. The
new fee structure becomes effective on October
26, 2005 and will add an average of $10.00
to each application and petition in order to account for inflation.
Download:
Filing
Fee Increase: Press Release and Chart (DHS/USCIS, FR) (09/26/2005)..
8September
13, 20058 State-by-State Summary of State Laws on
Driver's License (CRS Report)
The CRS (Congressional
Research Service) has provided an updated report that provides state-by-state
summary of state laws on the issuance of driver's licenses to foreign nationals
(the CRS provides nonpartisan research, analysis, and information to Members
of Congress). The summary of this document states: "The final
report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United
States (9/11 Commission), issued on July 22, 2004, states that 'today more
than 9 million people are in the United States outside the legal immigration
system.' As such, the 9/11 Commission recommended that standards
be set for the 'issuance of birth certificates and sources of identification,
such as driver's licenses,' as 'all but one of the 9/11 hijackers acquired
some form of U.S. identification document, some by fraud. Acquisition of
these forms of identification would have assisted them in boarding commercial
flights, renting cars, and other necessary activities.' The REAL ID Act
of 2005 was signed into law (P.L. 109-13) on May 11, 2005 which, among
other things establishes standards for the issuance of drivers’ licenses
and identification cards. Past events have prompted a series of questions
and debate concerning states’ issuance of driver's licenses to illegal
aliens. Proponents contend that allowing illegal immigrants to obtain driver's
licenses is a matter of public safety. Licensed drivers know the rules
of the road and can buy insurance, thus making streets safer for everyone.
Conversely, opponents argue that allowing illegal immigrants to obtain
driver's licenses compromises national security. Moreover, opponents contend
that permitting illegal aliens to obtain driver's licenses encourages such
individuals to remain in the United States illegally. Thus, opponents contend
that illegal immigrants should not be rewarded with such privileges. This
report will briefly summarize the policy arguments related to states’ issuance
of driver's licenses to undocumented or illegal aliens. In addition, this
report includes a state-by-state summary of the state laws on issuing licenses
to immigrants.
Download:
CRS
Report: Summary on Driver's License Requirements, State-by-State
(CRS) (09/13/2005)
Gov. Site:
Congressional
Research Service (CRS)
Details/Topic:
Immigration
News: Agencies & Policies..
8July
2, 20058 AC21 105 Allows "Bridging" For H-1B "Portability"
Applications
To file for a change
or extension of nonimmigrant status, the beneficiary must normally be in
valid "status" and not simply "authorized stay." The visa "status"
is the validity of the I-94 Arrival/Departure card, and if an application
is filed timely during a valid visa "status," the beneficiary of the application
is granted "authorized stay" while the application is pending. Authorized
stay is different from status, and while the beneficiary can remain in
the United States (and also work in some instances, such as under AC21
105 H-1B "Portability,") the beneficiary cannot use the period of "authorized"
stay to create a "bridge" to file additional applications while remaining
in the United States. However, according to a recent US CIS (INS)
memorandum, specific to AC21 H-1B 105 "Portability," multiple H-1B applications
can be filed as long as the beneficiary has "authorized stay." For
example, if Employer A timely files a non-frivolous extension of
a beneficiary's H-1B status under the AC21 H-1B 105, and the beneficiary's
H-1B I-94 visa "status" expires, the beneficiary continues to have "authorized
stay" and can remain in the U.S. and work for Employer A. (Porting
under INA §214 does not require that the alien currently be in H-1B
status as long as he or she is in a “period of stay authorized by the Attorney
General.")
Download:
AC21
Interoffice Memorandum [US CIS] [05/05]
Details:
AC21
H-1B Employer "Portability"
Details:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visapress
Contact Our Firm/Download
Questionnaire:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visa Questionnaire.press
8June
16, 2005: Immigrant Visa Retrogression: All
Nationalities/Third Preference
The July 2005 Visa
Bulletin shows a retrogression to "Unavailable" for employment-based
third preference for all nationalities, as well as retrogression
in the family-based preferences for Mexico. Beginning July
1, 2005 and until immigrant visas become available for employment-based
third preference categories, affected applicants
will not be able to file Form I-485 or concurrently
file Form I-140 and Form I-485 unless an immigrant visa number becomes
available. The third preference category for employment-based applications
are for Skilled Workers, Professionals, and Other Workers and is 28.6%
of the worldwide level, plus any numbers not required by first and second
preferences, not more than 10,000 of which to Other Workers. Family-sponsored
and employment-based preference visas are issued to eligible immigrants
in the order in which a petition in behalf of each has been filed (spouses
and children of preference immigrants are entitled to the same status,
and the same order of consideration, if accompanying or following to join
the principal). The cut-off date for an oversubscribed category is
the priority date of the first applicant who could not be reached within
the numerical limits. Only applicants who have a priority date earlier
than the cut-off date may be allotted a number. Applicants who file
for I-485 adjustment of status in the employment-based third preference
before July 1, 2005 (other than those from mainland China, India and the
Philippines) will have a priority date earlier than the cut-off date and
will be allotted a number.
Download:
Retrogression/Third
Preference Category (Visa Bulletin/DOS) (7/2005)
i8Details:
Concurrent
Filing of I-140 and I-485 (Immigrant Visa/Employment-Based)
Related
Topic:
8December
29, 2005 13, 20058 Immigrant Visa Retrogression:
China, India, Philippines
As a result of the
immigrant visa regression, beginning on January
1, 2005, and until further notice, affected
applicants from mainland China, India, and the Philippines
will not be able to file Form I-485 or concurrently
file Form I-140 and Form I-485 unless an immigrant visa number is
available, pursuant to the Visa Bulletin. There is an annual minimum
family-sponsored preference limit of 226,000. The worldwide level for annual
employment-based preference immigrants is at least 140,000. Family-sponsored
and employment-based preference visas are issued to eligible immigrants
in the order in which a petition in behalf of each has been filed (spouses
and children of preference immigrants are entitled to the same status,
and the same order of consideration, if accompanying or following to join
the principal). The visa prorating provisions of Section 202(e) apply
to allocations for a foreign state or dependent area when visa demand exceeds
the per-country limit. These provisions apply at present to the following
oversubscribed chargeability areas: mainland China, India,
and the Philippines.
Download:
Concurrent
Filing Memo (Regression/Country Specific) (US CIS/DHS) (12/2004)
i8Details:
Concurrent
Filing of I-140 and I-485 (Immigrant Visa/Employment-Based)press
8June
13, 20058 AC21 104(c) H-11B Periods (Beyond Initial
6-Year Limitation)
There are three
ways to obtain additional H-1B periods beyond the initial 6-year limitation.
One type is the AC21 104(c) "One-Time" H-1B Extension, where extensions
beyond the normal six (6) year are available to H-1B holders with approved
I-140 immigrant preference visa applications who suffer from "per country
limits" and cannot file I-485 "adjustment of status" applications or process
for Consular Processing abroad. Such H-1B visa holders may file to
extend H-1B status in 3-year increments until the I-485 adjustment application
can be processed. The US CIS has clarified that while this provision
is known as the "one-time" extension, H-1B holders in this situation can
extend as necessary, and contrary to the AC 106(a) [see below] which allows
extension in 1-year increments, 3-years can be requested.
Download:
AC21
104(c) H-1B "One-Time" Extension Clarification Memo (05/05) (US CIS)
i8Details:
Additional
H-1B Visa Periods (H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
i8Details:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visa
i8Contact
Our Firm/Download Questionnaire:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visapres
8June
12, 20058 AC21 106(a) H-1B Periods (Beyond Initial
6-Year Limitation)
There are three
ways to obtain additional H-1B periods beyond the initial 6-year limitation.
One type is the AC21 106(a) "Filed LCA" H-1B Extension, where 1-year extension
requests can be made as long as the H-1B beneficiary can benefit from any
application for (a) a labor certification that has been pending for 365
days or more, or (b) I-140 immigrant petition that has been pending for
365 days or more. The recent memorandum clarifies when a beneficiary
can file an "early" and/or "combined" 7th year H-1B extension.
"Early" Extension
Application: A beneficiary is eligible for as long as either
the qualifying labor certification application or I-140 petition has or
will
have been pending for at least 365 days prior to the beneficiary's
requested
start date, regardless of whether the H-1B extension application is
filed prior to the passage of such period. (Note: If the beneficiary
would no longer be in H-1B status at the time that 365 days from the filing
of the labor certification application or immigrant petition has run, thus
leaving a gap in valid status, then the extension of stay request cannot
be granted.)
"Combined" Extension
Application: The beneficiary should
be in valid H-1B status when filing for the extension that is normally
made in 1-year increments. However, a "combined" submission that
will include a normal H-1B extension request and the 1-year extension can
be made at the same time (request for any remaining time left in the initial
6-year period and the 1-year extension).
"Substitution" Extension
Application: LCAs are filed for a beneficiary, but the petitioner/employer
can use a filed LCA for a different beneficiary (substitution).
Download:
AC21
106(a) H-1B 7th Yr. Extension Clarification Memo (05/05) (US CIS)
i8Details:
Additional
H-1B Periods (including AC21) (H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
i8Details:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visa
i8Contact
Our Firm/Download Questionnaire:
H-1B
Nonimmigrant Visapres
8June
6, 20058 L-1 Visa Reform Act / Increase in Fees &
Limitations
L-1 visas are designed
to transfer executives or managers (L-1A) or employees with specialized
knowledge (L-1B) within an international organization to its U.S.-based
operation. L-1 visa holders may be admitted for up to a maximum initial
period of 3 years (1 year for a new office situation). L visas may
be extended in 2 year increments, with a total maximum period of 7 years
for L-1A executives and managers and 5 years for L-1B specialized knowledge
personnel.
President Bush,
on December 8, 2004, signed the L-1 Visa Reform Act that requires of a
new "fraud detection and prevention" fee of $500.00 all initial L visa
applications (extensions or amendments for the same L visa US employer
are exempt). The fee requirement is effective on March
8, 2004. The $500 fee does not
need to be submitted by: 1) employers who seek to extend a current H-1B
or L alien’s status where such an extension does not involve a change of
employers; 2) employers who are seeking H-1B1, Chile-Singapore Free Trade
Act nonimmigrants; or 3) dependents of H-1B or L principal beneficiaries.
The L-1 Visa Reform
Act also amends previous legislation by requiring all L-1 temporary workers
-- including the "blanket L" -- to have worked for a period of no less
than one (1) year outside the United States for an employer with a qualifying
relationship to the US Employer. This change applies to petitions
for initial L-1 classification filed with US CIS on/after June
6, 2005.
The L-1 Visa Reform
Act also addresses the issue of “outsourcing.” L-1B temporary workers
can no longer work primarily at a worksite other than their petitioning
employer if the work will be controlled and supervised by a different employer
or if the offsite arrangement is essentially to provide labor for hire,
rather than service related to the specialized knowledge of the petitioning
employer. This limitation will apply to all L-1B petitions
filed with US CIS on/after June
6, 2005, and
includes
extensions and amendments involving individuals currently in L-1 status.
Download:
L-1
Visa Reform Act (US CIS) (06/2005)
Download:
L-1
Visa Reform Act (US CIS) (12/2004)
Related(LINK):
L-1
Nonimmigrant Visapres
8June
1, 20058 All I-90 "Green Card" To Be Filed at Los
Angeles Lockbox...
As of May 31, 2005
aliens must mail applications to renew or replace Permanent Resident Cards,
commonly known as “green cards,” directly to the Los Angeles Lockbox. The
Lockbox is a processing facility used by USCIS to accelerate the collection
of applications and petitions. This change allows USCIS to improve
the processing of Form I-90 (Application to Replace Permanent Resident
Card) by electronically capturing data and images and by performing fee
receipting and depositing from one central location, rather than at the
local District Office, Service Center, or Application Support Center (ASC).
On and after May 31st, aliens filing a Form I-90, regardless of their state
of residence, must mail those applications with an application fee of $185
and a biometrics fee of $70 to the Los Angeles Lockbox.
Download:
Los
Angeles Lockbox (US CIS) (06/2005)
Related(LINK):
Maintaining
LPR "Green Card" Status (Naturalization/Citizenship Section)press
8May
15, 20058 E-3 Visas for Australian Nationals (Spouses
Eligible for Work Authorization)...
On May 11, President Bush signed into
law H.R. 1268, the "Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense,
the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005." Provisions included
a new E-3 Professional Visa for Australian nationals. While no implementation
date has been set forth, the E-3 visa is similar to the H-1B professional
visa, it is renewable in 5 year increments (no limitation on renewals)
and spouses of E-3 holders are granted work authorization. Compared
to the H-1B that suffers from numerical limitation, high filing fees, and
6-year maximum period (except in certain circumstances), the E-3 may be
very advantageous to nationals of Australia and their spouses.
The E-3 is:
(a) limited to 10,500 per fiscal year,
(b) E-3 petitioners/employers must file
a ETA-9035 LCA (used for H-1Bs) and provide the higher of the actual/prevailing
wage,
(c) file for a position that is a "specialty
occupation" (identical to the H-1B "specialty occupation"),
(d) E-3 visa holder will be provided 2-year
duration of stay per entry (but the visa is valid for 5 years),
(e) E-3 spouses are provided work authorization,
and
(f) the E-3 can be renewed indefinitely.
The US CIS and the DOS will announce the rules
in the future when filing can begin.
Download:
E-3
Visa (HR 1268 [E-3 section only]) (05/11/2005)pre
8May
1, 20058 US CIS RFE (Request for Evidence) Issuance
/ US CIS Guidance Memorandum
Applications filed
with the US CIS may result in an RFE (Request for Evidence) for many reasons,
including determination errors (or other errors) by the US CIS. At
the same time, RFEs allow applicants who filed the application to provide
additional information, clarification, documents, etc., that can address
the concerns and questions raised by the US CIS (including, responding
to incorrect determinations or reviews).
In April of 2004,
the US CIS issued a guidance memorandum that curtailed the issuance of
RFEs and allowed officers to deny an application without providing the
applicant the opportunity to address specific and/or general concerns and
questions raised by the US CIS.
The April 2004 memorandum
caused unwarranted, peremptory denials by the US CIS.
In April of 2005,
a new memorandum was issued -- rescinding the Draconian and arbitrary guidelines
issued a year before -- and appropriate issuance of RFE by the US CIS have
resumed. The memorandum provides guidance to US CIS Officers:
Approvals should be granted when the application has a "preponderance of
evidence" (to meet the criteria of a particular application); Denials should
be issued when there is "evidence of clear ineligibility" (for example,
an E-1/2 Treaty Application where these is no treaty, etc.); RFEs are issued
when there is missing information/evidence (or clarification helpful).
If the officer feels that a response to an RFE would not suffice, then
a NOID (Notice of Intent to Deny) will be issued (affording the applicant
an opportunity).
Download:
NEW
"RFE (Request for Evidence) Issuance" Guidance Memo (US CIS/DHS) (04/2005)
Download:
OLD
"RFE (Request for Evidence) Issuance" Guidance Memo (US CIS/DHS) (04/2004)
Related(LINK):
Nonimmigrant
Visa Section000pre
8April
15, 20058Correcting Visa "Status (I-94)" Information
The I-94 Arrival/Departure
Record card is issued upon admission into the United States at a Port-Of-Entry
(POE) by the US CBP (Customs & Border Protection), or within the United
States by the US CIS (Citizenship & Immigration Service) with Approval
Notice I-797A (if extentions/change of visa "status" is filed and approved.)
Once a nonimmigrant foreign national is in the United States, the I-94
Arrival/Departure Record card documents the individual's visa "status,"
category of admission, and duration of stay.
Errors in the I-94
Arrival/Departure Record card (category of admission, status and duration
of stay) can impact the foreign national during his/her stay in the United
States, and also in the future. (The I-94 departure section must
be provided when leaving the United States.)
With the implementation
of the US VISIT system (biometric tracking of arrival/departure/stay/conduct
of foreign nationals in the United States), and the commencement of the
US VISIT "exit" procedure, it is even more important to make sure that
information contained in the I-94 Arrival/Departure Record card is accurate.
An April 2005 Memorandum
from the US CBP (Customs & Border Protection) informs
that corrections for I-94 issued at a Port-Of-Entry (POE) can be requested
at the actual US CBP POE or at a Local/District "Deferred Inspection"
Department of the US CBP Office nearest to the foreign national's final
destination.
Download:
US
CBP Correcting I-94s Issued at POE (04/2005) (US CBP/DHS)
i8Gov.
Site: US
CBP Port-Of-Entry (POE) Office Locations (04/2005) (US CBP/DHS)
i8Gov.
Site: US
CBP Local/District "Def. Inspec." Office Locations (04/2005) (US CBP/DHS)
Download:
US
CBP Local/District Office List (05/2004) (US CBP/DHS)
Correction for I-94
errors for I-94 cards issued by the US CIS (Citizenship & Immigration
Service) for example, issued by the Regional US CIS Service Center
with an approved I-797A extension/change of visa "status" application]
can be requested at the Local/District US CIS Office. (However, if
the Local/District US CIS Office cannot make a determination/correction,
then the foreign national will need to file Form I-102 with the Regional
US CIS Service Center.)
Download:
US
CIS Correcting I-94s Issued With I-797 (03/2004) (US CIS/DHS)
If there are concerns
relating to the collected/retained information in the US VISIT
system, a redress/amend request can be either faxed and/or mailed to the
DHS.
Download:
US
VISIT Redress/Amend Fact Sheet (06/2004) (DHS)
i8Gov.
Site: US
VISIT Redress/Amend Information (06/2004) (DHS)
i8Gov.
Site: US
VISIT Site (06/2004) (DHS)
Related
Topics:
VWP ("No
Visa") Travelers Who Have Overstayed:
VWP (Visa Waiver
Program) nationals may visit the United States temporarily, even without
a visa "sticker." While no change of status or no extension
of stay is allowed, those individuals of participating VWP countries who
have B-1 or B-2 intent, and who wish to enter the U.S. for less than three
(3) months, can enter the U.S. without a visa "sticker" (issued by the
Dept. of States). As of October 26, 2004, VWP travelers must be in
possession of a MRP (Machine-Readable Passport). In the future, the
traveler will also be required to have a MRP passport with biometric identifiers.
(Currently, while many may have a MRP passport, the biometric information
is not included. Therefore, as of September
30, 2004 US VISIT biometric entry inspection will be required for
visitors entering the United States with the VWP (Visa Waiver Program)
so that confirmation and collection of biometric information can be made).
Currently, if a VWP traveler has overstayed
a previous visit to the United States under the VWP program, the foreign
national is subject to detention, handcuffing and is denied entry into
the United States.
However, Commissioner Bonner of the US
CBP (Customs and Border Protection) announced in August 2004 that CBP officers
will have discretion to grant no-risk travelers who overstayed under the
VWP on a prior visit a one-time parole. Commissioner Bonner stated:
"U.S. Customs and Border Protection is a law enforcement agency, but enforcement
must always be tempered with common sense. If individuals are not a potential
terrorist threat or criminal threat; nor are likely to contribute to the
illegal population, and the overstay was short and inadvertent or for reasons
beyond the applicant's control, CBP officers and supervisors have the authority
to parole them into the U.S..."
CPB officers are now given discretion
in the field to parole those who pose no risk for terrorism, criminality,
or those who will become economic migrants.
Download:
VWP
Overstay / One-Time Parole (08/04) (DHS/US CBP)
i8Details:
Nonimmigrant
Visa (VWP section)
i8Details/Topic:
"US
VISIT" System
i8Details/Topic:
Database
of Foreign Nationals
Related(LINK):
Entry/Admission
& Inadmissibility Bars
Not Subject
to US VISIT:
1. Legal Permanent Residents "Green
Card" Holders and Canadian Nationals are subject to the US VISIT system,
but will be waived initially.
2. Additionally, the Federal Register,
published on January 5, 2004, delineates individuals who are currently
not
subject to US VISIT. Individuals who are not subject includes:
individuals who are entering the United States via the VWP (Visa Waiver
Program) until September 30, 2004 (unless the individual has an MRP passport
and
"biometric information" in compliance with ICAO (International Civil Aviation
Organization), children under the age of 14, adults over the age of 79,
etc. (See below; DHS announcement, April 2, 2004.) Important:
Machine-readability and biometrics are not the same thing. A machine-readable
passport is one that can be "read" mechanically when swiped th
3. Also, the DHS' Press Release
on March 19, 2004 indicates that Mexican nationals who hold a Border Crossing
Card (BCC) are not subject to US VISIT during primary inspection inasmuch
as their biometric data (fingerscans and photographs) is captured during
the BCC issuance process. However, by the end of 2004, as the next phase
of US VISIT is implemented at southern land ports of entry, if a Mexican
citizen chooses to use the BCC as a B1/B2 visa (traveling outside the "border
zone" and/or staying longer than 72 hours in the U.S.), he/she will undergo
US-VISIT at the land border secondary inspection areas. While most
Canadian Nationals are exempt, Canadian citizens who are required to obtain
a visa in order to be admitted to the United States will require US VISIT.
The General Accounting Office (GAO) is
the audit, evaluation, and investigative arm of Congress; it exists to
support the Congress in meeting its Constitutional responsibilities and
to help improve the performance and ensure the accountability of the federal
government. GAO examines the use of public funds, evaluates federal
programs and activities, and provides analyses, options, recommendations,
and other assistance to help the Congress make effective oversight, policy,
and funding decisions. The GAO has published GAO-04-82, a report
entitled: "OVERSTAY TRACKING: A Key Component of Homeland Security
and a Layered Defense."
Download:
GAO
Report "OVERSTAY TRACKING" GAO-04-82 (05/04) (GAO)
i8Details/Topic:
"US
VISIT" System
i8Details/Topic:
Database
of Foreign Nationals
Related(LINK):
Entry/Admission
& Inadmissibility Bars
i8Details:
Visa
"Status" Validity (Duration of Status): I-94 Arrival/Departure Card
(Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
i8Details:
Entry/Admission
& Inadmissibility Bars
Related(LINK):
Nonimmigrant
Visa Section
i8Details/Topic:
"US
VISIT" System
i8Details/Topic:
Database
of Foreign Nationals..pre
8Feb.
22, 20058 245(i) "Alien-Based"
Reading: Unlawful Presence & Penalties (Inadmissibility)
Unlawful presence
in the United States can affect an applicant in many different ways.
The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996
(IIRAIRA) created the "3/10- year inadmissibility" bars for individuals
who are unlawfully present in the United States. The overall consequence
of being "unlawfully present" are:
1.
If in the U.S., and applying for a nonimmigrant visa, prohibit an applicant
from changing and/or extending status in the United States.
2. If outside
the U.S., prohibit an applicant from obtaining a visa (nonimmigrant OR
immigrant) at the U.S. Consulate/Embassy.
3. If in the
U.S., and applying for an immigrant visa "green card," prohibit an applicant
from adjusting status (I-485) in the United States ("bar to adjustment").
Certain individuals
with "unlawful presence" subject to the 3/10 year inadmissibility bar can
continue with an I-485 adjustment of status application, in the United
States, by using 245(i) and/or the LIFE Act. The "alien-based" reading
of 245(i) and the LIFE Act allows an individual to file an I-485 adjustment
of status application (in the United States), if he/she:
1)
has been a beneficiary of an I-130 relative application, filed before April
30, 2001, or
2) has filed
for an I-485 adjustment of status application, before April 30, 2001, or
3) has been
a beneficiary of an ETA-750 labor certification application, filed before
April 30, 2001, or
4) has filed
an I-140 immigrant preference application, before April 30, 2001, or
5) was/is/will
be the derivative spouse or child of the individual in (1)-(4) above (some
restrictions apply).
The "alien-based" interpretation
of 245(i) and the LIFE Act means that applications filed before April 30,
2001 [see (1)-(4) above] do not have to be approved. For example,
if application ABC was filed before April 30, 2001, and it is denied, the
individual can still "qualify" for a future I-485 adjustment of status
application based on a subsequent application XYZ. In fact, the application
ABC could have been denied or withdrawn. The requirement, however,
is that the application had to be "approvable when filed." ["Alien-based"
reading, as discussed in April 14, 1999 and June 10, 1999 Memorandums by
Robert L. Bach, the INS Executive Associate Commissioner of the Office
of Policy and Programs.]
However, in December
2003, an official statement by the US CIS (although addressing 245(i) in
a different context), seems to limit this "alien-based" interpretation
of 245(i). According to this statement, it appears that if 245(i)
is used for an I-485 adjustment of status application (final step for the
immigrant "green card" application), and if it is "properly denied" by
the US CIS then, thereafter, 245(i) can no longer be used for subsequent
adjustment of status applications. If the I-485 adjustment of status
application is withdrawn prior to a denial by the US CIS, then, 245(i)
may be used subsequently. In the context of (1)-(5) above, based
on this, if 245(i) is used under situation (2), then severe limitations
on the 'alien-based' interpretation of 245(i) will occur if the application
is denied by the US CIS.
In October
of 2004, an unofficial statement by the US
CIS allows the use of 245(i) by a foreign national, even if his/her
I-485 adjustment application is denied:
(1) The
US CIS states that it views 245(i) "broadly," and the one-time adjustment
rule means only that once a foreign national has been granted adjustment
pursuant to a 245(i) petition he/she cannot later use 245(i) again -- should
he/she lose the legal permanent resident status for some reason (e.g.,
abandonment, commission of a removable criminal offense).
(2) Furthermore,
the US CIS also interprets 245(i) as permitting subsequently acquired
derivatives to be grandfathered, and subsequently disconnected derivatives
did not lose their 245(i) grandfathering by virtue of being disconnected.
Should an individual file an application under 245(i), but that application
is denied, the individual may still be eligible and grandfathered for 245(i)
adjustment, as long as he/she was not already adjusted under 245(i) at
any time.
i8Details:
Entry/Admission
& Inadmissibility Penalties
i8Details:
U.S.
Entry Violations & Unlawful Presence (Inadmissibility Section)
i8Details:
Waivers
(Not Subject to Bar/Penalty Situation) (Inadmissibility Section)..pres
8January
10, 20058 PERM LCA (March
28, 2005)
The new LCA (labor
certification application) program called "PERM (Program Electronic Review
Management) System/Program" is an on-line electronic type of filing the
LCA. PERM is an attestation and audit system where a petitioner/employer
seeking permanent labor certification conduct advertising and recruitment
prior to filing the LCA. PERM LCAs are expected to take 45 to 60
days to adjudicate (in contrast to the multi-year process for the Standard/Traditional-
and RIR-type LCAs). Some applications will be selected for auditing
by the DOL (Department of Labor), either randomly or because responses
to certain questions on the application trigger a need for additional information.
When an application is selected for a DOL audit, additional and supervised
recruitment may become necessary.
Important:Once
PERM is implemented on ~
March 28, 2005~,
current Standard/Traditional and RIR applications will
not be accepted.
Therefore, after publication but before implementation, applicants
may need to file a LCA application under Standard/Traditional or RIR, depending
on the situation/case/application. Each program has different procedural/substantive
requirements, and some applicants may find the currently existing two programs
more advantageous compared to PERM. (Even after the implementation
of PERM, applications previously filed under Standard/Traditional or RIR
will be adjudicated according to each program's guidelines.)
i8Details:
LCA:
PERM Program (March
28, 2005)
i8LCA/PERM
Chart LCA:
Procedural
Differences
(Standard/Traditional, RIR & PERM)
i8LCA/PERM
Chart LCA:
Substantive Differences (Standard/Traditional, RIR & PERM)
i8LCA/PERM
Chart Minimum
Requirement (Job/Position) Reference Materials (Standard/Traditional, RIR
& PERM)
i8LCA/PERM
Chart SVP,
Job Zone and E&TC Codes (Standard/Traditional, RIR & PERM)
i8Backlog
Reduction for "RIR" and "Standard/Traditional" LCAs Backlog
Reduction...
|
LCA:
PROCEDURAL
DIFFERENCES (STANDARD/TRADITIONAL, RIR & PERM)
|
..
PERM
(Begins
March 28, 2005) |
Standard/Traditional
(Filing
ends March 27, 2005) |
RIR (Reduction
in Recruitment)
(Filing
ends March 27, 2005) |
| 1. Obtain a PWD (prevailing wage
determination) from the SWA (state workforce agency) for the job offer,
in the state where the beneficiary/employee would be employed.
Note:
PWD
is valid for 90 days to 1 year, depending on the SWA (but note below when
recruitment must take place). |
1. File LCA
with the DOL. |
1. Conduct
"unsupervised" advertisement/recruitment for approx. 6 months (and within
6 months prior to filing) for the job offer.
Note:
If prior advertisement/recruitment for closely
related or similar position, use of prior recruitment is possible -- and
recruitment period can be shortened. |
| 2. Conduct
"unsupervised" advertisement/recruitment for the job offer (commensurate
with the PWD for the job offer).
Note:
Recruitment
must begin within the validity of the PWD (some types of recruitment must
take place at least 30 days but not more than 180 days of the filing of
the LCA, but there are exceptions). |
2. Wait to
advertise (under supervision of DOL). At this stage, the DOL can request
amendments to the job offer stated in the LCA.
Note:
The
DOL may take several years to contact the petitioner/employer in regard
to advertisement/recruitment. |
2. File the
LCA with the DOL with the recruitment campaign results ("recruitment report"). |
| 3. File the LCA (that includes information
of the results of the recruitment through "attestations") using Form ETA-9089
via electronic format (on-line) to the DOL.
Note:
Documentation of the recruitment ("recruitment report") is not submitted
but must be kept for at least 5 years. |
3. Conduct
"supervised" recruitment that lasts 30 days (total recruitment period is
45 days). |
3. The DOL
certifies or denies the application. (The DOL can request amendments
to the job offer in the filed LCA and also request additional/"supervised"
recruitment.)
(See "RIR
Recent Developments.")
Note: The
DOL may take several months - years before reviewing the LCA. |
| 4. Review by the DOL, which will
certify the application or request an "audit" of the records and information
relating to the recruitment campaign.
Note:
The
DOL expects to take 45-60 days to certify the application or request an
"audit." Auditing by the DOL is either random
or because responses to certain questions on the LCA will trigger a need
for additional information or supervised recruitment. |
4. Submit
recruitment campaign results. The DOL certifies or denies the application. |
... |
| ... |
... |
Note:
Regulations at § 656.21(i) preclude the use of the RIR process
for Schedule B occupations. The occupations on Schedule B are defined in
the regulations at § 656.11. If the job opportunity being requested
is in an occupation that is found in that section, then the job requested
is on Schedule B and is not eligible for RIR processing.
Schedule B occupations include: assemblers,
bartenders, caretakers, chauffeurs, cleaners, clerks, groundskeepers, janitors,
housekeepers, receptionists, sales clerks, telephone operators, yard workers,
etc.
(See "Schedule
B Occupations.") |
...
|
LCA:
SUBSTANTIVE
DIFFERENCES (STANDARD/TRADITIONAL, RIR & PERM)
|
..
| .... |
PERM
(Begins
March 28, 2005) |
Standard/Traditional
(Filing
ends March 27, 2005) |
RIR (Reduction
in Recruitment)
(Filing
ends March 27, 2005) |
| Time (State/Regional
Differences) |
45 - 60 days (does
not
include 6 month recruitment period).
Note:
If there is a DOL audit, then additional process and time will be required.
(See "PERM
Program.") |
Months - Many Years
(includes recruitment period). |
Months - Years (does
not
include 6 months recruitment period). |
| Advertisement |
The DOL does
not
supervise advertisement language or recruitment.
Note:
Depending on "professional" or non-professional occupation job offer, advertisement
and recruitment methods vary.
Note:
Salary normally not stated in advertisement but must be included
in "on-site/in-house" posting.
Note:
If there is a DOL audit, then additional supervised recruitment may be
required).
(See "PERM
Program.") |
The DOL supervises
advertisement language and recruitment.
Note:
Minimum 3 published advertisements and on-site job posting notice.
Note:
Normally state salary being offered in advertisement. |
The DOL does
not
supervise advertisement language or recruitment.
Note:
1-3 published advertisements, recruiters, internet, word-of-mouth, on-site
job posting notice, etc.
Note:
Salary normally not stated in advertisement.
(See
"RIR
Recent Developments.") |
| Recruitment Period |
6 months.
Note:
Depending on "professional" or non-professional occupation job offer, advertisement
and recruitment methods vary.
Note:
Interested job seekers send resumes directly to petitioner/employer.
Note:
If there is a DOL audit, then additional supervised recruitment may be
required).
(See "PERM
Program.") |
30 days (total recruitment
campaign period is 45 days).
Note:
Interested job seekers send resumes to the DOL. |
6 months (if prior
advertisement/ recruitment, may be shortened).
Note:
Interested job seekers send resumes directly to petitioner/employer.
(See "RIR
Recent Developments.") |
Job Offer
Minimum Requirements
(Education, Experience,
Training, Skills, etc.) |
The DOL uses the
O*NET (Occupational Information Network) and it's five job zones.
each Job Zone contains a range of SVP levels. The SVP (Specific Vocational
Preparation) is the amount of lapsed time required by a typical worker
to learn the techniques, acquire the information, and develop the facility
needed for average performance in a specific job.
Where the minimum requirements exceed O*NET's
Job Zones/SVP of education, training and experience deemed normal for the
position, the requirements (such as specialized skill, supervisory level
or responsibility, foreign language ability, etc.) will be considered unduly
restrictive.
Note:
Business
necessity argument can be used for any unduly restrictive minimum requirements,
including "experience gained on the job" and/or for foreign language requirement.
Note: Equivalency of experience
for required degree not allowed.
(See "PERM
Program.") |
The DOL uses
the "DOT" (Dictionary of Occupational Titles) and its SVP levels.
Requirements beyond the SVP level is considered unduly restrictive and
not allowed.
Note:
Business
necessity argument can be used for any unduly restrictive minimum requirements,
including "experience gained on the job" and/or for foreign language requirement.
Note:
Equivalency
of experience for required degree allowed. |
The DOL uses
the "DOT" (Dictionary of Occupational Titles) and its SVP levels, and also
the "O*NET/SOC"
(Occupational Information
Network/
Standard Occupational
Classification). Requirements beyond the SVP level of the DOT or
the Job Zone of the O*Net is considered unduly restrictive and not allowed.
Note:
Business
necessity argument can be used for any unduly restrictive minimum requirements,
including "experience gained on the job" and/or for foreign language requirement.
Note:
Equivalency
of experience for required degree allowed. |
| Wage |
100% rule applies.
PWD determined by DOL.
(See "PERM
Program.") |
95% rule applies.
Determined by DOL. |
95% rule applies.
Determined by petitioner/employer but
will
be reviewed by DOL. |
...
8November
1, 20048 Labor Certification Application: Backlog
Reduction & PERM
Labor Certification
Application & DOL (Department of Labor):
The ETA-750
Labor Certification Application (LCA) is the first step for many employment-based
immigrant visa "green card" applications, where a US Petitioner/Employer
proves that there are no qualified, able, willing and available US workers
(U.S. Citizens or Legal Permanent Residents) who can meet the minimum requirements
of a job offer (requirements of the job offer include minimum education,
experience, specialized knowledge, etc., necessary for the job, and a salary
that is considered at "prevailing wage" for the position).
The required recruitment
campaign (advertisement, etc.) is conducted by the U.S. Petitioner/Employer,
and if no U.S. workers are located and if the foreign national (beneficiary/employee)
meets the requirements, the LCA may be certified by the Department of Labor
(DOL).
After the LCA is
certified/approved, the I-140 Immigrant Preference Application is filed
with the US CIS, and finally, the I-485 "adjustment of status" (U.S.) or
"consular processing" for issuance of the actual "green card" status can
be made. (Currently, the I-140 & I-485 "adjustment of status"
can be concurrently "filed," and in some regions, also concurrently "processed.")
However, the LCA
program has historically operated under the burden of a very large backlog
of cases. With local, state, and regional offices of the DOL handling
various stages of the LCA program with differing rules, policies, guidelines,
processing times, etc., the current size of the national backlog approximates
300,000 applications.
To address this
concern, the DOL has and is developing a two-pronged approach: 4Backlog
Reduction, and4PERM.
Backlog
Reduction:
As of October
1, 2004, the Employment and Training Administration (ETA) has and is implementing
an infrastructure that will provide a cost effective facility and organization
for the processing of LCAs beginning with receipt to certification/denial
of the application. Consolidation/centralization of filed/pending
and future LCA applications is the most significant change. Currently,
LCA applications are filed, processed (and recruitment supervised) by the
State Workforce Agency (SWA, ETA/DOL), and thereafter, forwarded to the
Regional DOL office for certification.
By March 31, 2005,
the SWA and Regional DOL are expected to forward all filed/pending LCA
applications to designated DOL centers. (In effect, the SWA's role
in the LCA application will be phased out.)
SWA &
LCA Applications
LCA applications completed prior to January
1, 2005 will be sent to Regional DOL offices under current guidelines.
New LCA applications submitted after January
1, 2005 will be accepted by the SWA but will not be "opened." These
new LCA applications will be forwarded to the National LCA Offices:
Atlanta Processing Center, Chicago Processing Center.
By March 31, 2005, SWAs and Regional DOL
offices will forward filed/pending LCA applications to appropriate Backlog
Reduction Centers (BRC): Dallas Backlog Center, Philadelphia Backlog
Center, Boston/New York Regional Office, San Francisco Regional Office.
National BRC:
Dallas & Philadelphia Backlog Center
The DOL has two national Backlog Reduction
Centers (BRC):
- Dallas Backlog
Center
- Philadelphia Backlog
Center
New LCA applications filed by January
1, 2005 will be accepted by the but will not "open" these applications.
By March 31, 2005, SWA and Regional DOL
will forward filed/pending LCA applications to these two offices.
The Dallas & Philadelphia BRCs are
expected to close by 2007.
Regional BRC:
Boston/New York Regional Office & San Francisco Regional Office
In addition to the
two national BRCs, the DOL is designating two regional DOL offices as additional
Backlog Reduction Centers (BRC):
- Boston/New York
Regional Office
- San Franciso Regional
Office
By March 31, 2005, SWA and Regional DOL
will forward filed/pending LCA applications to these two offices.
The Boston/New York
Regional Office & San Franciso Regional Office is expected to close
by 2006.
National LCA Offices:
Atlanta Processing Center & Chicago Processing Center
The two national
processing centers will handle non-backlog LCA applications, including
future LCA (PERM), H-2A, and H-2B applications:
- Atlanta Processing
Center
- Chicago Processing
Center
If PERM is not implemented,
it may serve as backlog reduction centers.
The two National
LCA Offices are to be operational by the end of 2004.
Atlanta
Processing Center's jurisdiction: Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware,
Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Puerto
Rico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virgin Islands,
Virginia, Washington, DC, West Virginia.
Chicago Processing Center's jurisdiction:
Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois,
Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana,
Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South
Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming.
The DOL has stated that it will publish this
new procedure in the Federal Register within the next two months to inform
the public of this processing change.
Download:
"New
LCA Offices (National & Regional)" (10/04) (DOL)
Download:
"LCA
Transition Guide to SWAs" (10/04) (DOL)
Download:
LCA
Transition (10/04) (MNAILAPP)
Download:
"LCA
Backlog Reduction" Interim Rule ETA (Federal Register, Vol. 69, No. 139,
07/21/04) (07/04)
Details:
History,
Backlog & Future of the LCA (Labor Certification Application) (Immigrant
Visa "Green Card" Employment-Based)
Details:
"RIR"
Recent Developments: Labor Certification Application (Immigrant Visa
"Green Card" Employment-Based)
Related(LINK):
Labor
Certification Application (LCA)
Related(LINK):
Immigrant
Visa "Green Card" (Employment Based)
i8Gov.
Site:
Federal
Register..
Highlights
from 2003 (News/Update
ARCHIVES)
September
5, 20038 Immigrant Visa & Adjustment/Revoked I-140
Immigrant Preference Petition does
notnegate I-485 Adjustment Applications
The BCIS/INS has
finalized its memorandum, allowing for revoked I-140 applications to be
considered valid for the purposes of an I-485 adjustment application (as
long as the I-485 has been pending for more than 180 days). This
is pursuant to the "adjustment portability" provision of AC21 106(c).
Employment-Based
Immigrant Visa "Green Card" Applications generally require three steps:
(1) ETA-750 LCA, (2) I-140 Immigrant Preference Petition, and (3)
I-485 Adjustment - or - Consular Processing. The "Adjustment Portability"
rule allows an applicant to change the petitioner/employer, if the last
step (3) is an I-485 adjustment of status, and the application has been
pending for more than 180 days.
Example:
Co. A files and obtains certification of Step (1) ETA-750 LCA. Thereafter,
Co. A files and obtains approval of Step (2) I-140 Immigrant Preference
Petition. Finally, the applicant/beneficiary/employee submits (3)
I-485 Adjustment ("green card") application. If more than 180 days
have passed since filing (3) I-485 Adjustment -- the applicant/beneficiary/employee
can change the petitioner/employer, from Co. A --> Co. B.
Yet, after changing
from Co. A --> Co. B, if the (2) I-140 Immigrant Preference Petition is
revoked -- will the (3) I-485 Adjustment application for the applicant/beneficiary/employee,
continue and be valid for the new Co. B?
The BCIS/INS' finalized
memorandum states that even if the initially approved (2) I-140 Immigrant
Preference Petition is revoked, as long as 180 days have passed since the
filing of the (3) I-485 Adjustment application, the applicant/beneficiary/employee
can continue with the adjustment ("green card") process.
Details:
EMPLOYMENT-BASED
IMMIGRANT VISA PORTABILITY AC21 106(c)
PDF4Download:DHS
"Revoked I-140 & Adjustment Portability" Memo (08/03) (DHS/BCIS/INS)
Details:
EMPLOYMENT-BASED
IMMIGRANT "GREEN CARD" VISA
Related
Topic:
July 8, 20038
Immigrant
Visa & Adjustment/Revoked I-140 Immigrant Preference Petition does
not
negate I-485 Adjustment Applications
Employment-Based
Immigrant Visa "Green Card" Applications generally require three steps:
(1) ETA-750 LCA, (2) I-140 Immigrant Preference Petition, and (3)
I-485 Adjustment - or - Consular Processing. [Related
topic]
Related Topic:
June 6, 20038
Adjustment?
Consular Processing? "Concurrent Filing"?
Employment-Based
Immigrant Visa "Green Card" Applications generally require three steps:
(1) ETA-750 LCA, (2) I-140 Immigrant Preference Petition, and (3)
I-485 Adjustment - or - Consular Processing.
This last step,
to actually obtain the immigrant visa "green card," may be possible in
the United States, or overseas via Consular Processing. If filing for (3)
I-485 Adjustment, then "concurrent filing" rules allow submission of (2)
I-140 Immigrant Preference Petition AND the (3) I-485 Adjustment, "concurrently."
The BCIS/INS has
provided some details of how the agency processes "concurrently" filed
applications. Also, review the differences between filing for an
I-140 and I-485 adjustment ("concurrent" filing) vs. the I-140 and consular
processing.
Details:
Step
(2) & (3): Concurrent Filing (I-140 & I-485) Rule
Download:
(blank
document) DSI052903
Details/Related
Topic:
Step
(3) I-485 Adjustment of Status VS. Consular Processing Info. & Chart.
Details/Related
Topic:
EMPLOYMENT-BASED
IMMIGRANT VISA PORTABILITY AC21 106(c)
Details:
EMPLOYMENT-BASED
IMMIGRANT "GREEN CARD" VISA
IMMIGRATION
LAW REFORM: To reunite American families, protect refugees,
and provide U.S. employers with specialists they need to remain globally
competitive, a fair and reasonable immigration law reform is necessary.
Whether you are a Democrat or Republican, voting for a President who believes
in fair immigration policies will improve immigration procedures and enhance
national security.
Democrats:
Proposed SOLVE Act (Safe, Orderly Legal Visas and Enforcement)
(Inadmissibility Section)
Republicans:
Temporary Worker Status Proposal (Inadmissibility
Section)
Immigration
News: Agencies & Policies
News/Update
ARCHIVES
MAIN
INDEX (Immigration): MAIN
INDEX (Immigration) of Marcos Negron & Akaike LLP
Law
Firm of Marcos Negron & Akaike LLP
LEGAL
DISCLAIMER:
This is an advertisement
by the law firm of Marcos, Negron & Akaike, LLP
Please be advised
that immigration laws and policies change frequently. Furthermore,
the processing methods and times at various embassies/consulates and immigration
offices vary. Information provided by Marcos, Negron & Akaike,
L.L.P. is not to be construed as legal advice. You should always
consult a legal representative for your concerns.