Information about:  immigration law, nonimmigrant visas, immigrant visas, "green cards," labor certifications, family- and employment-based, naturalization.  Lawyers speak English, Japanese & Spanish.  Areas entail:  H, L, O, P, F, EB, etc., specialist/professional visas, intracompany transferees, investors, extraordinary ability, RIR, PERM, etc.



 .....2007 News.....
Online USCIS on-line AR-11 change of address: USCIS On-Line AR-11Change of Address
Download "fillable" IRS change of address form: IRS-8822
Download DMV (NY) change of address form: MV-232
JAPANESE Site..
 

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)..
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service (US CIS) (US CIS)..
US Department of State "VISA" Site (DOS VISA)..
DHS US VISIT (US VISIT)..
US Department of Justice (DOJ)..
US Department of State (DOS)..
US Embassy/Consulate (USEMB/CON)..
Social Security Administration (SSA)..
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)..
American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA)..
Legal Disclaimer..
RECENT NEWS/UPDATES:..January 2007
2007
Jan 22, 2007: New Citizenship (Naturalization) Test...
Jan 12, 2007: On-LIne AR-11 Change of Address...
Jan 10, 2007: H/L Periods of Admission (6 Years?)...

HIGHLIGHTS
Indefinite: Foreign National Information/Database (Agency/Policy Section)
Indefinite: US VISIT "Biometric Identification" System (Agency/Policy Section)
Oct. 4, 2006: Diversity Visa Lottery Program Registration:  Oct 4, 2006 - Dec. 3, 2006
Oct. 26, 2005: US CIS Announces Fee Increase (October 26, 2005)
Sept. 13, 2005: State-by-State Summary of State Laws on Driver's License (CRS Report)
July 1, 2005: Immigrant Visa Retrogression:  All Nationalities/Third Preference
April 1, 2005: Direct Mail Program For I-485, I-765 and I-131, Phase Two: April 1, 2004
Mar. 28, 2005: PERM LCA (March 28, 2005)

2006
Sept. 28, 2006: Diversity Visa Lottery Program Registration:  Oct 4, 2006 - Dec. 3, 2006
Sept. 25, 2006: Premium Processing Expansion...
Sept. 15, 2006: Security Checks and Processing Delays...
August 18, 2006: Premium Processing Expansion
June 1, 2006: H-1B Visa Cap Reached
May 5, 2006: Security Checks and Processing Delays...
April 17, 2006: The Immigration Reform Bills...
April 3, 2006: Changes in Submission Address for I-129 and I-140 Applications...
March 28, 2006: H-1B Filing Begins on April 1, 2006 for FY 2007 (Oct. 1, 2006 - Sept. 30, 2007)
March 13, 2006: F and M Visa "Stickers" Issued 120 Days Prior to Academic Study
Feb. 7, 2006: I-864 Affidavit of Support With Initial Filing (Tax Return - 1 Year Only)
Feb. 6, 2006: I-693 Medical Examination Submission With Initial Filing
Feb. 3, 2006: Interviews Waived for Certain Family-Based Adjustment of Status Cases
Jan. 18, 2006: U.S. Master's Degree Holder's H-1B Visa "Cap" Reached
Jan. 17, 2006: H-1B Additional Periods (Keep Your Airline Tickets)
Jan. 12, 2006: H-1B Filing Begins on April 1, 2006 for FY 2007 (Oct. 1, 2006 - Sept. 30, 2007)
Jan. 5, 2006: U.S. Master's Degree Holder's H-1B Visa "Cap" Nearly Reached

2005 Highlights
Oct. 26, 2005: Digital Photo Passport Requirement for VWP Travelers (October 26, 2005)
Oct. 26, 2005: US CIS Announces Fee Increase (October 26, 2005)
Sept. 13, 2005: State-by-State Summary of State Laws on Driver's License (CRS Report)
July 2, 2005: AC21 105 Allows "Bridging" For H-1B "Portability" Applications
July 1, 2005: Immigrant Visa Retrogression:  All Nationalities/Third Preference
June 13, 2005: AC21 104(c) H-11B Periods (Beyond Initial 6-Year Limitation)
June 12, 2005: AC21 106(a) H-1B Periods (Beyond Initial 6-Year Limitation)
June 6, 2005: L-1 Visa Reform Act / "Blanket L" L-1s Require 1 Year Overseas Experience
June 6, 2005: L-1 Visa Reform Act / L-1B "Outsourcing" Limitation
June 1, 2005: All I-90 "Green Card" To Be Filed at Los Angeles Lockbox...
May 15, 2005: E-3 Visas for Australian Nationals (Spouses Eligible for Work Authorization)...
May 1, 2005: US CIS RFE (Request for Evidence) Issuance / US CIS Guidance Memorandum
April 15, 2005: Correcting Visa "Status (I-94)" Information
2005?: Republicans:  Temporary Worker Status Proposal (Inadmissibility Section)
2005?: Democrats:  SOLVE Act (Inadmissibility Section)

MONTHLY (Archived)
Monthly Archive Index: Monthly Archive Index (1997-2005)
Agencies & Policies Index: Immigration News:  Agencies & Policies


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2007 NEWS/UPDATES


Jan 22, 2007:  New Citizenship (Naturalization) Test...
The USCIS is beginning a pilot program on a new Naturalization test (for U.S. Citizenship).  A revised Guide to Naturalization is also available.
Download: USCIS New Naturalization Test Fact Sheet (DHS/USCIS) (Jan 2007)
Download: USCIS New Guide to Naturalization Booklet (DHS/USCIS) (Jan 2007).
Related: Naturalization/Citizenship......

Jan 12, 2007:  On-LIne AR-11 Change of Address...

The USCIS has implemented the on-line change of address system but this applies to the AR-11 Form.  There has been problems in the past with the USCIS not properly acknowledging a change of address request.  The AR-11 is the "general" change of address notification that is required by the USCIS.  Depending on the process/procedure that is being undertaken, it is always recommended that a change of address notification include (1) phone call to the National Benefits Center (18003755283), (2) via mail to Regional Service Center (if appropriate), and (3) via mail to District Office.
Gov. Site: USCIS On-Line AR-11 Change of Address (DHS/USCIS) (Jan 2007)......

Jan 10, 2007:  H/L Periods of Admission (6 Years?)...

The USCIS has issued a memorandum that provides guidance in three areas regarding how adjudicators should determine periods of admissions for an H or L beneficiary.
1) Clarifies that time spent as an H-4 and L-2 dependent does not count against the maximum allowable periods of stay available to principals in H-1B and L-1 status.
2) Clarifies that H-1B aliens, who qualify under American Competitiveness in the Twenty-First Century Act of 2000 (AC21) (Pub.L.106-313) section 106(a) and (c), need not be in H-1B status when requesting an additional period of stay beyond the six year maximum.
3)  Clarifies how to determine the maximum period of admission in H-1B status for a beneficiary who was in the United States in valid H-1B status for less than the six-year maximum period of admission, but who has since been outside the United States for more than one year.
Download: USCIS H/L Periods of Admission Memorandum (DHS/USCIS) (Jan 2007)
Related: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa....
Related: L Nonimmigrant Visa..


2006 NEWS/UPDATES



Nov. 6, 2006:  USCIS Expands Premium Processing Service...
The premium processing service will become available to EB-1 aliens with extraordinary ability as of November 13, 2006. 

Oct. 6, 2006:  Pre-PERM Applications:  Conversion to RIR from Standard without Losing Priority Date...

The DOL announced that any Standard Labor Certification Applications submitted to a SWA with a postmark dated on or before March 28, 2005 may request conversion to RIR. RIR takes significantly less time than Standard Labor Certification; thus it is often preferred over Standard. Conversion is effective as of today, and there is no specific deadline by which an employer may request RIR conversion. However, once the Backlog Elimination Center begins the recruitment process, the application loses its eligibility for RIR conversion.  If RIR is approved, the case will move to the RIR processing queue, and the application will be processed by the original priority date. If RIR eligibility is denied, the case will remain in the Standard processing queue, and the application will be processed by the original priority date, meaning, you will not lose the priority date. 

Sept. 28, 2006: 2008 Diversity Visa Lottery Program Registration...

Applications for the 2008 Diversity Visa (DV) Lottery will be accepted between noon Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) (GMT-4), Wednesday, October 4, 2006 and noon Eastern Standard Time (EST) (GMT-5) Sunday, December 3, 2006.  Applicants may access the electronic Diversity Visa entry form at www.dvlottery.state.gov during the registration period. Paper entries will not be accepted.  Applicants are strongly encouraged not to wait until the last week of the registration period to enter.  Heavy demand may result in website delays.  No entries will be accepted after noon EST on December 3, 2006...
News Index: News Index
Main Index: Immigration Index....

Sept. 25, 2006: Premium Processing Expansion...

Starting on September 28, 2006, USCIS will further expand accepting Premium Processing requests for petitions for certain I-140 employment-based immigrant preference categories (for "green card").  Combined with the previous expansion of premium processing, the following I-140 applications will be available after September 28, 2006:
• EB-1, outstanding professors and researchers,
• EB-2, members of professions with advanced degrees or exceptional ability not seeking a National Interest Waiver,
• EB-3, workers other than skilled workers and professionals (i.e., unskilled labor requiring less than two years of training or experience),
• EB-3, Professionals, (i.e. immigrant workers with bachelor degrees who are members of the professions),
• EB-3 Skilled Workers, (i.e. immigrant workers capable of performing skilled labor requiring at least two years of education, training or experience).
Under the Premium Processing Service, USCIS guarantees petitioners that, for a $1,000 processing fee, it will issue either an approval notice, or where appropriate, a notice of intent to deny, a request for evidence or open an investigation for fraud or misrepresentation, within 15 calendar days of receipt. If the petition is not processed within 15 calendar days, USCIS will refund the $1,000 fee and continue to process the request as part of the Premium Processing Service. In addition to faster processing, petitioners who participate in the program may use a dedicated phone number and e-mail address to check on the status of their petition or ask any other questions they may have concerning their petition.  Applications already submitted may be converted to Premium Processing through various methods, including, E-filing (internet).
The USCIS has revised the Request for Premium Processing Services form (Form I-907), to include expansion of Premium Processing Service to the newly designated classifications.
Download: Premium Processing Expansion Memo (DHS/USCIS) (09/06)...
Download: Premium Processing Expansion Memo (DHS/USCIS) (06/06)....ess
Related: Immigrant Visa "Green Card" (Employment-Based)..
News Index: News Index
Main Index: Immigration Index.....

Sept. 15, 2006: Security Checks and Processing Delays...

Many benefit applications, including N-400 naturalization applications, filed with the USCIS, require immigration security checks.  Earlier this year, the USCIS published a press release detailing the four major security checks that impact delays in processing an application.  Some security checks are handled by the USCIS, while others by different government agencies.  The IBIS Name Check (Interagency Border Inspection System) seems to be the only security check that is relatively fast, while the FBI Fingerprint Check takes some time, and the FBI Name Check perhaps causing the most delays.  These delays most commonly impact I-485 adjustment of status ("green card") applications and N-400 naturalization ("citizenship") applications.
For example, for an I-485 family-based adjustment application based on a marriage, while an interview may have already occurred and everything seem perfectly fine, applicants must still wait until the FBI Fingerprint/Name checks are complete (sometimes additional fingerprinting can be requested by the USCIS) before a decision is given by the USCIS/
For N-400 naturalization applications, the average processing times is now 6 months compared to 14 months earlier this year, and on Sept. 15, 2006, the USCIS announced that backlogs for N-400 applications have been substantially eliminated (note, however, that the USCIS does not consider applications with pending security checks by other government agencies to be within their control).
Download: USCIS Fact Sheet on Elimination of N-400 Backlogs (DHS/USCIS) (09/06)
Download: USCIS Fact Sheet on Security Checks (DHS/USCIS) (04/06)
Download: USCIS Interoffice Memorandum / Security Checks for N-400 Applications (DHS/USCIS) (04/06).
News Index: News Index....
Main Index: Immigration Index....

August 18, 2006:  Premium Processing Expansion

Starting on August 28, 2006, USCIS will begin accepting Premium Processing requests for petitions involving two employment-based immigration “categories” within the third employment-based “preference.”  Those categories involve EB-3 Professionals, (i.e. immigrant workers with bachelor degrees who are members of the professions), and EB-3 Skilled Workers, (i.e. immigrant workers capable of performing skilled labor requiring at least two years of education, training or experience). Employers file for both categories using an Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker (Form I-140). Premium Processing is not available to “other workers” in the EB-3 category for jobs that do not require two years of education, training or experience.
Under the Premium Processing Service, USCIS guarantees petitioners that, for a $1,000 processing fee, it will issue either an approval notice, or where appropriate, a notice of intent to deny, a request for evidence or open an investigation for fraud or misrepresentation, within 15 calendar days of receipt. If the petition is not processed within 15 calendar days, USCIS will refund the $1,000 fee and continue to process the request as part of the Premium Processing Service. In addition to faster processing, petitioners who participate in the program may use a dedicated phone number and e-mail address to check on the status of their petition or ask any other questions they may have concerning their petition.  Applications already submitted may be converted to Premium Processing through various methods, including, E-filing (internet).
The USCIS has revised the Request for Premium Processing Services form (Form I-907), to include expansion of Premium Processing Service to the newly designated classifications.
Download: Premium Processing Expansion Memo (DHS/USCIS) (06/06)....ess
Related: Immigrant Visa "Green Card" (Employment-Based).
News Index: News Index....
Main Index: Immigration Index......

June 1, 2006: H-1B Visa Cap Reached

After publishing on May 25, 2006 that there were approximately 10,000 H-1B visa numbers remaining for FY2007, on June 1, 2006, the USCIS has announced that as of May 26, 2006, the H-1B visa numbers for FY2007 has been reached*.  The "final receipt date" for H-1B applications subject to the FY 2007 annual cap (October 1, 2006 - September 30, 2007) is May 26, 2006.  Affected H-1B applications received on that date will be subject to the random selection process.
Note: U.S. Masters and higher degree holders can still apply for FY2007.
20,000 H-1B visas are available for foreign nationals with Masters and higher degrees from U.S. graduate schools.  As of June 2006, there are approximately 14,000 remaining.  Applicants should file as soon as possible.
Note: Cap-exempt H-1B visa applications can be applied at any time.
H-1B applications that are not subject to the numerical limitation are not affected by the "visa cap" problem.  Therefore, cap-exempt H-1B employment start date can be on/before/after October 1, 2006.
Applications that are not subject to the cap are:
a)(1)  H-1B extension application for the same H-1B employer/petitioner,
a)(2)  H-1B application by an H-1B visa holder to work concurrently for a new employer/peititioner, unless current H-1B employer is (c), (d), or (e) below AND the new H-1B employer is not (c), (d) or (e) below,
b)  H-1B change of H-1B employer/petitioner application (including extension), unless, the prior H-1B employer was (c), (d), or (e) below AND the new H-1B employer is not (c), (d) or (e) below.
c)  The H-1B petitioner/employer is an institution of higher education as defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965, section 101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
d)  The H-1B petitioner/employer is a nonprofit organization or entity related to or affiliated with an institution of higher education, as such institutions of higher education are defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965, section 101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
e)  The H-1B petitioner/employer is a nonprofit research organization or a governmental research organization, as defined in 8 CFR 214.2(h)(19)(iii)(C).
f)  The H-1B beneficiary/employee of the application is a J-1 nonimmigrant alien (graduate medical education or training pursuant to IAN 212(e)(iii)) who received a waiver of the 2-year foreign residency requirement described in section 214(l)(1)(B) of the Act (commonly referred to as the Conrad State 20 program).
g)  The H-1B beneficiary/employee has been previously granted status as an H-1B nonimmigrant in the past 6 years and not left the United States for more than a year after attaining such status,
h)  20,000 (limited to) foreign nationals with Masters and higher degrees from U.S. graduate schools (limited to 20,000 per fiscal year [for FY 2006, as of May 25, 2006, there are approximately 14,000 available]).
*After publishing on May 25, 2006 that there were approximately 10,000 H-1B visa numbers remaining for FY2007, on June 1, 2006, the USCIS has announced that as of May 26, 2006, the H-1B visa numbers for FY2007 has been reached.
According to AILA (AILA Infonet Doc. No. 06060270, posted June 2, 2006), the sudden deluge of H-1B applications that occurred between May 25 and May 26 is due in part because of data-entering delays and backlogs caused by the new Bi-Specialization filing (effective April 1, 2006).  Bi-Specialization filing changed the procedure where I-129 applications (such as H-1Bs) were no longer filed at four regional service centers, but only at the VSC (Vermont Service Center). 
Details: Changes in Submission Address for I-129 and I-140 Applications
Download: FY 2007 H-1B Visa Cap Reached Memo (DHS/USCIS) (06/06)....
Gov. Site: Official FY 2007 H-1B Visa Number Site (DHS/USCIS) (June 2006)press
Details: H-1B Visa "Cap" Numerical Limitation Section (H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
Related: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa
Contact Our Firm: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa...
News Index: News Index....
Main Index: Immigration Index.......

May 5, 2006: Security Checks and Processing Delays...

Many benefit applications filed with the USCIS require immigration security checks, and the USCIS has published a press release detailing the four major security checks.  There is a relationship and also a discrepancy in the processing if a benefit application based on the security check procedure with the USCIS and other government agencies such as the FBI, that can add to delays.  The IBIS Name Check (Interagency Border Inspection System) seems to be the only security check that is relatively fast, while the FBI Fingerprint Check takes some time, and the FBI Name Check perhaps causing the most delays.  These delays seem to most commonly impact I-485 adjustment of status ("green card") applications and N-400 naturalization ("citizenship") applications.  For the former, while an interview may have already occurred, applicants must wait until the FBI Fingerprint/Name checks finish (sometimes additional fingerprinting can be requested by the USCIS).  For N-400 naturalization applications, interviews are being post-poned until the FBI Name Check is completed.
Download: USCIS Fact Sheet on Security Checks (DHS/USCIS) (04/06)
Download: USCIS Interoffice Memorandum / Security Checks for N-400 Applications (DHS/USCIS) (04/06)...

April 17, 2006: The Immigration Reform Bills...

Two bills introduced in the 109th Congress that focus on reforming the immigration system represents different approaches -- the Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act of 2005 (S. 1033/H.R. 2330), introduced on May 12, 2005, by Senators John McCain (R-AZ) and Edward Kennedy (D-MA), and the Comprehensive Enforcement and Immigration Reform Act (S. 1438), introduced on July 20, 2005, by Senators John Cornyn (R-TX) and Jon Kyl (R-AZ).  It is important to note that the McCain-Kennedy bill which has gained media attention has is very far from becoming enacted into law.  Many aspects of the debated bill will change before it becomes law, but the current McCain-Kennedy bill includes creating a new employment-based nonimmigrant visa worker category (H-5A) that allows for self-petitioning for an immigrant visa ("green card") and a similar program for currently illegal individuals in the U.S. (the H-5B -- which also requires a paying a penalty, proving residence in the U.S., employment history, etc.).  The "path to Citizenship" only means that once an individual obtains the H-5A/B, then, he/she may thereafter be eligible for an immigrant visa ("green card"), and thereafter, become eligible to apply for U.S. Citizenship (by filing and obtaining approval of the Naturalization application).  There is no "amnesty," as individuals for both the H-5A/B must meet many requirements to be approved, but in the H-5B there is a waiver for "overstaying (which prohibits individuals from obtaining status because of inadmissibility grounds)."  The bills may again be debated when Congress returns on April 24, 2006......

April 3, 2006: Changes in Submission Address for I-129 and I-140 Applications...

Immigration-related applications are submitted and processed at various offices, including the Local/District US CIS Office, the local ASC (Application Support Center), the NBC (National Benefits Center, formerly the MSC), the four major regional service centers:  VSC (Vermont), CSC (California), TSC (Texas), and NSC (Nebraska), and others.  Starting on April 1, 2006, all employment-based I-129 nonimmigrant visa applications are submitted to the VSC (to be processed by the VSC and the CSC), and all employment-based I-140 immigrant visa applications are submitted to the NSC (to be processed by the NSC and TSC).
Download: Changes in Submission Address for I-129/I-140 (DHS/USCIS) (04/06).....

March 28, 2006: H-1B Filing Begins on April 1, 2006 for FY 2007 (Oct. 1, 2006 - Sept. 30, 2007)

Over the past two years, the H-1B visa numbers have rapidly disappeared.  For applications subject to FY 2007 (H-1Bs commencing between Oct. 1, 2006 - Sept. 30, 2007), applications can be submitted on April 1, 2006 (however, H-1B employment cannot begin until Oct. 1, 2006).  It is expected that FY 2007 H-1B numbers will be met sometime between August and October of 2006.

Note: Oct. 1, 2006:  H-1B Employment Start Date
If the beneficiary of an H-1B application is in valid visa "status" on October 1, 2005, then the H-1B petitioner/employer can file a H-1B "change of status" application subject to the FY 2007 H-1B numerical limitation beginning on April 1, 2006.  (The beneficiary must be in "status" to request a "change of status," not just "authorized stay.")  However, even if the beneficiary is in status on April 1, 2006, if his/her status expires before October 1, 2006, then he/she may have to depart the United States.  The reason is that when filing a change of visa status application, the new visa "status" start-up date must be within the validity period of the visa "status" (at the time of filing).

Example: No Need to Depart the United States
1.  F-1 (OPT+60 days) visa "status" expires on October 1, 2006.
2.  File a "change of status" H-1B application (subject to the FY 2007 H-1B numerical limitation) on April 1, 2006.
In the application, request an H-1B employment start-up date of October 1, 2006 (cannot request earlier date because FY 2007 H-1B visas can only be issued on October 1, 2006).
3.  The beneficiary of this application does not have to depart the United States, because he/she will be able to "change status" in the United States.
Reason:  The beneficiary's F-1 visa "status" expires on October 1, 2006, and the requested H-1B visa "status" begins on October 1, 2006 -- there is no gap in the visa "status".

Example:  May Need to Depart the United States
1.  F-1 (OPT+60 days) expires on August 1, 2006.
2.  File a "change of status" H-1B application (subject to the FY 2007 H-1B numerical limitation) on April 1, 2006.
In the application, request an H-1B employment start-up date of October 1, 2006 (cannot request earlier date because FY 2007 H-1B visas can only be issued on October 1, 2006).
3.  The beneficiary of this application may have to depart the United States, because he/she will not be able to "change status" in the United States.
Reason:  The beneficiary's F-1 visa "status" expires on August 1, 2006, and the requested H-1B  visa "status" begins on October 1, 2006 -- there is a gap in the visa "status".

Note: "F" and "J" Holders' Visa "Status" Expiration Date
For "F" and "J" visa "status" holders, there is a grace period that is considered as valid "status."  For example, if the F-1 (OPT) work authorization expires on July 1, 2006, then, there is a a 60-day grace period.  In this case, the F-1 visa "status" will expire on September 1, 2006.

Several years ago, "F" and "J" visa "status" holders were provided with an extended "duration of status."  While this special extension did not provide employment authorization, it allowed "F" and "J" visa "status" holders to remain in the United States until October 1 in valid status and therefore "change status" to the H-1B visa category.  There has been NO announcement in regard to this special rule for FY 2007 as of January 2006.

Note: Cap-exempt H-1B visa applications can be applied at any time and can start before Oct. 1, 2006
H-1B applications that are not subject to the numerical limitation are not affected by the "visa cap" problem.  Therefore, cap-exempt H-1B employment start date can be on/before October 1, 2006.
Applications that are not subject to the cap are:
a)  H-1B extension application for the same H-1B employer/petitioner,
b)  H-1B change of H-1B employer/petitioner application (including extension at the same time), unless, the current/prior H-1B employer is/was (c), (d), or (e) below AND the new H-1B employer is not (c), (d) or (e) below.
c)  The H-1B petitioner/employer is an institution of higher education as defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965, section 101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
d)  The H-1B petitioner/employer is a nonprofit organization or entity related to or affiliated with an institution of higher education, as such institutions of higher education are defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965, section 101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
e)  The H-1B petitioner/employer is a nonprofit research organization or a governmental research organization, as defined in 8 CFR 214.2(h)(19)(iii)(C).
f)  The H-1B beneficiary/employee of the application is a J-1 nonimmigrant alien (graduate medical education or training pursuant to IAN 212(e)(iii)) who received a waiver of the 2-year foreign residency requirement described in section 214(l)(1)(B) of the Act (commonly referred to as the Conrad State 20 program).
g)  The H-1B beneficiary/employee has been previously granted status as an H-1B nonimmigrant in the past 6 years and not left the United States for more than a year after attaining such status,
h)  20,000 (limited to) foreign nationals with Masters and higher degrees from U.S. graduate schools (limited to 20,000 per fiscal year [for FY 2006, as of January 2006, there are only 600 remaining and available]).
Download: FY 2007 H-1B Visa Commencement Memo (DHS/USCIS) (03/06)....
Gov. Site: Official FY 2007 H-1B Visa Number Site (DHS/USCIS) (April 2006)press
Details: H-1B Visa "Cap" Numerical Limitation Section (H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
Related(LINK): H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa
Contact Our Firm/Download Questionnaire: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa.....

March 13, 2006: F and M Visa "Stickers" Issued 120 Days Prior to Academic Study

The Department of State clarifies that students may apply for the F-1, J-1 and M-1 nonimmigrant visa "sticker" issuance at the U.S. Consulate/Embassy  120 days prior to the commencement of academic study (previously 90 days).  This is not the same as when students are allowed to enter the United States.  Currently, F-1, J-1 and M-1 visa "sticker" holders may enter the U.S. 30 days before commencement of academic study (in the future, this may be changed to allow students to enter 45 days before commencing the academic program).
Download: F/M Visas Issued 120 Days Prior to Academic Study (DOS) (03/06).......

February 7, 2006: I-864 Affidavit of Support Submission With Initial Filing (Tax Return - 1 Year Only)

The I-485 Adjustment of Status is the process for applicants who are physically present in the United States and seeks issuance of Legal Permanent Resident "Green Card" status in the United States. Applying for Legal Permanent Resident "Green Card" status, based on a family relationship, is generally a 2-step process: (i) the I-130 Relative Petition and (ii) the application for an immigrant visa.  To file an I-485 Adjustment application, the -130 Relative Petition must be approved and its "priority date" current (priority date is based on the nature of the family relationship).  For a spouse of a U.S. Citizen, the priority date is current, and therefore, if the applicant is in the United States, the I-130 and the I-485 can be filed simultaneously.  No longer filed at District/Local USCIS offices, the application is filed with the National Benefits Center (NBC) under the Direct Filing Program.  After submission to the NBC, the applicant visits the local Application Support Center (ASC) and then attend an "adjustment of status" interview at the District/Local USCIS Office.  The US CIS needs to make a determination that the applicants' family (specifically, the foreign national spouse) will not become a "public charge".  In this regard, employment and financial documents, and Form I-864 (and I-864(A)) assures the USCIS that applicants are financially viable.  The USCIS will verify that the applicant's household income is above the annual Poverty Guideline (125%), by examining the current financial standing of the applicant's household income (W-2, employment verification letters, bank statements, assets).  Additionally, the Poverty Guideline must be met for three (3) years preceding the date of admission (adjustment of status interview).  In an Interoffice Memorandum, Michael Aytes, Acting Director for Domestic Operations, the USCIS policy has been amended so that (1) only one Federal Income Tax Return, for the tax year most recent as of the date the Form I-864 is signed is required, and (2) that such documents and the I-864 be submitted with initial filing.  The new policy applies to I-485 Adjustment of Status applications (family-based) submitted after December of 2005.
Download: I-864 Affidavit of Support Submission With Initial Filing (DHS/USCIS) (12/05)
Download: 2006 Poverty Guidelines (HHS) (01/06)
Details: Immigrant Visa "Green Card" / I-485 Adjustment of Statuspress
Contact Our Firm/Download Questionnaire: I-485 Adjustment (Family) Visa Questionnaire...........

February 6, 2006: I-693 Medical Examination Submission With Initial Filing

The I-485 Adjustment of Status is the process for applicants who are physically present in the United States and seeks issuance of Legal Permanent Resident "Green Card" status in the United States. Applying for Legal Permanent Resident "Green Card" status, based on a family relationship, is generally a 2-step process: (i) the I-130 Relative Petition and (ii) the application for an immigrant visa.  To file an I-485 Adjustment application, the -130 Relative Petition must be approved and its "priority date" current (priority date is based on the nature of the family relationship).  For a spouse of a U.S. Citizen, the priority date is current, and therefore, if the applicant is in the United States, the I-130 and the I-485 can be filed simultaneously.  No longer filed at District/Local USCIS offices, the application is filed with the National Benefits Center (NBC) under the Direct Filing Program.  After submission to the NBC, the applicant visits the local Application Support Center (ASC) and then attend an "adjustment of status" interview at the District/Local USCIS Office.  The I-693 Medical Exam is required to be submitted, but the examination is only valid for 1-year.  Pending applications sometimes take 2 years until completion, and therefore, the medical exams -- in the past -- were not provided to the USCIS with the initial submission (because applicants would be forced to take another medical examination before the interview).
The USCIS reaffirms that the I-693 Medical Exam be submitted with the initial submission as it will extend the validity of the civil surgeon's endorsement on an I-693 Medical Exam until the time of adjudication/completion.
Download: I-693 Medical Examination Submission with Initial Filing (DHS/USCIS) (01/06)
Details: Immigrant Visa "Green Card" / I-485 Adjustment of Statuspress
Contact Our Firm/Download Questionnaire: I-485 Adjustment (Family) Visa Questionnaire......

February 3, 2006: Interviews Waived for Certain Family-Based Adjustment of Status Cases

The I-485 Adjustment of Status is the process for applicants who are physically present in the United States and seeks issuance of Legal Permanent Resident "Green Card" status in the United States.  Applying for Legal Permanent Resident "Green Card" status, based on a family relationship, is generally a 2-step process: (i) the I-130 Relative Petition and (ii) the application for an immigrant visa.  To file an I-485 Adjustment application, the -130 Relative Petition must be approved and its "priority date" current (priority date is based on the nature of the family relationship).  For a spouse of a U.S. Citizen, the priority date is current, and therefore, if the applicant is in the United States, the I-130 and the I-485 can be filed simultaneously.  No longer filed at District/Local USCIS offices, the application is filed with the National Benefits Center (NBC) under the Direct Filing Program.  After submission to the NBC, the applicant visits the local Application Support Center (ASC) and then attends an "adjustment of status" interview at the District/Local USCIS Office.  However, as part of the backlog elimination efforts, certain pending I-485 cases are being transferred from the NBC to the Regional Service Center -- California Service Center (CSC) -- applications which are deemed to not require an in-person "adjustment of status" interview.  These applications, if no interview is required, will be adjudicated by the CSC (applicants will be notified by mail, from the NBC and the CSC, not by the District/Local USCIS Office).
Download: Transfer from NBC to CSC / Interviews Waived (DHS/USCIS) (12/05)
Download: MNA/ARIA Transfer from NBC to CSC / Interviews Waived (DHS/USCIS) (12/05)
Details: Immigrant Visa "Green Card" / I-485 Adjustment of Statuspress
Contact Our Firm/Download Questionnaire: I-485 Adjustment (Family) Visa Questionnaire...


January 18, 2006: U.S. Master's Degree Holder's H-1B Visa "Cap" Reached

As directed by the H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004, the USCIS treats as exempt from the cap for any fiscal year the first 20,000 H-1B petitions reflecting an alien beneficiary with a U.S.-earned Master's or higher degree.  The US CIS announced that it has received enough H-1B petitions that qualify for the exemption from the FY 2006 (Oct. 1, 2005 - Sept. 30, 2006) H-1B numerical limitations for foreign workers with a U.S.-earned master’s or higher.  The final receipt date for the 20,000 cap-exempt H-1B petitions is January 16, 2006.  Applications received ON January 17, 2006 will be subject to a random selection (and those who are selected will be counted towards the FY2006 H-1B visa).

Note: Cap-exempt H-1B visa applications can be applied at any time and can start before Oct. 1, 2006
H-1B applications that are not subject to the numerical limitation are not affected by the "visa cap" problem.  Therefore, cap-exempt H-1B employment start date can be on/before October 1, 2006.
Applications that are not subject to the cap are:
a)  H-1B extension application for the same H-1B employer/petitioner,
b)  H-1B change of H-1B employer/petitioner application (including extension at the same time), unless, the current/prior H-1B employer is/was (c), (d), or (e) below AND the new H-1B employer is not (c), (d) or (e) below.
c)  The H-1B petitioner/employer is an institution of higher education as defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965, section 101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
d)  The H-1B petitioner/employer is a nonprofit organization or entity related to or affiliated with an institution of higher education, as such institutions of higher education are defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965, section 101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
e)  The H-1B petitioner/employer is a nonprofit research organization or a governmental research organization, as defined in 8 CFR 214.2(h)(19)(iii)(C).
f)  The H-1B beneficiary/employee of the application is a J-1 nonimmigrant alien (graduate medical education or training pursuant to IAN 212(e)(iii)) who received a waiver of the 2-year foreign residency requirement described in section 214(l)(1)(B) of the Act (commonly referred to as the Conrad State 20 program).
g)  The H-1B beneficiary/employee has been previously granted status as an H-1B nonimmigrant in the past 6 years and not left the United States for more than a year after attaining such status,
h)  20,000 (limited to) foreign nationals with Masters and higher degrees from U.S. graduate schools (limited to 20,000 per fiscal year [for FY 2006, as of January 2006, there are only 600 remaining and available]).
Download: Master's+ Degree FY2006 H-1B Visa Cap Reached (DHS/USCIS) (01/06)
Gov. Site: Official H-1B Visa Number Site (DHS/USCIS) (Jan. 2006)press
Details: H-1B VISA "CAP" (H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
Details: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visapress
Contact Our Firm/Download Questionnaire: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Questionnaire......



8January 17, 20068 H-1B Additional Periods (Keep Your Airline Tickets)

H-1B visas are generally valid for a total of six (6) years (generally, applied in three-year increments).  There are several ways to extend this 6-year limitation, and one is "recapturing" unused H-1B visa periods.  Recapturing is possible when an H-1B employee/beneficiary can demonstrate that he/she, during the H-1B visa validity period,  spent time outside the United States.  In the past, such time had to be considered as "meaningfully interruptive" (maternity leave, extended medical leave, long term details outside the United States).  Vacations and sick days were NOT considered meaningfully interruptive.
Note: New Rule
Any days (24 hour period) spent outside of the United States during the validity period of an H-1B (or L-1 petition) will not be counted toward the maximum period of stay in the United States in H-1B or L-1 status, provided that the beneficiary/employee is able to submit independent documentary evidence establishing that he or she was in fact physically outside of the United States during the day(s) for which the alien is seeking recapture (INA § 101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b) and INA § 101(a)(15)(L).).  Evidence can include copies of I-94 Arrival/Departure cards (small white card inside the passport, issued upon entry into the United States by the USCBP that indicate date of entry), entry notations by a foreign country in the passport (entry notations by the U.S. when entering the U.S.), and airline tickets.  000
Download: "H-1B Recapture" Clarification Memo (10/05) (US CIS)
Details: Additional H-1B Visa Periods (H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
Details: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa000
Contact Our Firm/Download Questionnaire: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa.

8January 12, 20068 H-1B Filing Begins on April 1, 2006 for FY 2007 (Oct. 1, 2006 - Sept. 30, 2007)

Over the past two years, the H-1B visa numbers have rapidly disappeared.  For applications subject to FY 2007 (H-1Bs commencing between Oct. 1, 2006 - Sept. 30, 2007), applications can be submitted on April 1, 2006 (however, H-1B employment cannot begin until Oct. 1, 2006).

Note: Oct. 1, 2006:  H-1B Employment Start Date
If the beneficiary of an H-1B application is in valid visa "status" on October 1, 2005, then the H-1B petitioner/employer can file a H-1B "change of status" application subject to the FY 2007 H-1B numerical limitation beginning on April 1, 2006.  (The beneficiary must be in "status" to request a "change of status," not just "authorized stay.")  However, even if the beneficiary is in status on April 1, 2006, if his/her status expires before October 1, 2006, then he/she may have to depart the United States.  The reason is that when filing a change of visa status application, the new visa "status" start-up date must be within the validity period of the visa "status" (at the time of filing).

Example: No Need to Depart the United States
1.  F-1 (OPT+60 days) visa "status" expires on October 1, 2006.
2.  File a "change of status" H-1B application (subject to the FY 2007 H-1B numerical limitation) on April 1, 2006.
In the application, request an H-1B employment start-up date of October 1, 2006 (cannot request earlier date because FY 2007 H-1B visas can only be issued on October 1, 2006).
3.  The beneficiary of this application does not have to depart the United States, because he/she will be able to "change status" in the United States.
Reason:  The beneficiary's F-1 visa "status" expires on October 1, 2006, and the requested H-1B visa "status" begins on October 1, 2006 -- there is no gap in the visa "status".

Example:  May Need to Depart the United States
1.  F-1 (OPT+60 days) expires on August 1, 2006.
2.  File a "change of status" H-1B application (subject to the FY 2007 H-1B numerical limitation) on April 1, 2006.
In the application, request an H-1B employment start-up date of October 1, 2006 (cannot request earlier date because FY 2007 H-1B visas can only be issued on October 1, 2006).
3.  The beneficiary of this application may have to depart the United States, because he/she will not be able to "change status" in the United States.
Reason:  The beneficiary's F-1 visa "status" expires on August 1, 2006, and the requested H-1B  visa "status" begins on October 1, 2006 -- there is a gap in the visa "status".

Note: "F" and "J" Holders' Visa "Status" Expiration Date
For "F" and "J" visa "status" holders, there is a grace period that is considered as valid "status."  For example, if the F-1 (OPT) work authorization expires on July 1, 2006, then, there is a a 60-day grace period.  In this case, the F-1 visa "status" will expire on September 1, 2006.

Several years ago, "F" and "J" visa "status" holders were provided with an extended "duration of status."  While this special extension did not provide employment authorization, it allowed "F" and "J" visa "status" holders to remain in the United States until October 1 in valid status and therefore "change status" to the H-1B visa category.  There has been NO announcement in regard to this special rule for FY 2007 as of January 2006.

Note: Cap-exempt H-1B visa applications can be applied at any time and can start before Oct. 1, 2006
H-1B applications that are not subject to the numerical limitation are not affected by the "visa cap" problem.  Therefore, cap-exempt H-1B employment start date can be on/before October 1, 2006.
Applications that are not subject to the cap are:
a)  H-1B extension application for the same H-1B employer/petitioner,
b)  H-1B change of H-1B employer/petitioner application (including extension at the same time), unless, the current/prior H-1B employer is/was (c), (d), or (e) below AND the new H-1B employer is not (c), (d) or (e) below.
c)  The H-1B petitioner/employer is an institution of higher education as defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965, section 101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
d)  The H-1B petitioner/employer is a nonprofit organization or entity related to or affiliated with an institution of higher education, as such institutions of higher education are defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965, section 101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
e)  The H-1B petitioner/employer is a nonprofit research organization or a governmental research organization, as defined in 8 CFR 214.2(h)(19)(iii)(C).
f)  The H-1B beneficiary/employee of the application is a J-1 nonimmigrant alien (graduate medical education or training pursuant to IAN 212(e)(iii)) who received a waiver of the 2-year foreign residency requirement described in section 214(l)(1)(B) of the Act (commonly referred to as the Conrad State 20 program).
g)  The H-1B beneficiary/employee has been previously granted status as an H-1B nonimmigrant in the past 6 years and not left the United States for more than a year after attaining such status,
h)  20,000 (limited to) foreign nationals with Masters and higher degrees from U.S. graduate schools (limited to 20,000 per fiscal year [for FY 2006, as of January 2006, there are only 600 remaining and available]).
Gov. Site: Official H-1B Visa Number Site (DHS/USCIS) (Jan. 2006)press
Details: H-1B Visa "Cap" Numerical Limitation Section (H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
Related(LINK): H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa
Contact Our Firm/Download Questionnaire: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa.

8January 5, 20068 U.S. Master's Degree Holder's H-1B Visa "Cap" Nearly Reached

As directed by the H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004, the USCIS treats as exempt from the cap for any fiscal year the first 20,000 H-1B petitions reflecting an alien beneficiary with a U.S.-earned Master's or higher degree.  As of January 2006, there are approximately 600 H-1B visas available for U.S. Master's Degree (or higher) holders for FY 2006 (Oct. 1, 2005 - Sept. 30, 2006).  Those who meet the criteria and seek the H-1B visa before September 30, 2006 need to apply immediately to qualify (those who seek H-1B visas to commence on/after October 1, 2006 can begin filing on April 1, 2006).

Note: Cap-exempt H-1B visa applications can be applied at any time and can start before Oct. 1, 2006
H-1B applications that are not subject to the numerical limitation are not affected by the "visa cap" problem.  Therefore, cap-exempt H-1B employment start date can be on/before October 1, 2006.
Applications that are not subject to the cap are:
a)  H-1B extension application for the same H-1B employer/petitioner,
b)  H-1B change of H-1B employer/petitioner application (including extension at the same time), unless, the current/prior H-1B employer is/was (c), (d), or (e) below AND the new H-1B employer is not (c), (d) or (e) below.
c)  The H-1B petitioner/employer is an institution of higher education as defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965, section 101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
d)  The H-1B petitioner/employer is a nonprofit organization or entity related to or affiliated with an institution of higher education, as such institutions of higher education are defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965, section 101(a), 20 U.S.C. section 1001(a).
e)  The H-1B petitioner/employer is a nonprofit research organization or a governmental research organization, as defined in 8 CFR 214.2(h)(19)(iii)(C).
f)  The H-1B beneficiary/employee of the application is a J-1 nonimmigrant alien (graduate medical education or training pursuant to IAN 212(e)(iii)) who received a waiver of the 2-year foreign residency requirement described in section 214(l)(1)(B) of the Act (commonly referred to as the Conrad State 20 program).
g)  The H-1B beneficiary/employee has been previously granted status as an H-1B nonimmigrant in the past 6 years and not left the United States for more than a year after attaining such status,
h)  20,000 (limited to) foreign nationals with Masters and higher degrees from U.S. graduate schools (limited to 20,000 per fiscal year [for FY 2006, as of January 2006, there are only 600 remaining and available]).
Gov. Site: Official H-1B Visa Number Site (DHS/USCIS) (Jan. 2006)press
Details: H-1B VISA "CAP" (H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
Details: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visapress
Contact Our Firm/Download Questionnaire: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Questionnaire.0




2005 Highlights

8
October 26, 20058 US VISIT Digital Photo Passport Requirement for VWP Travelers (October 26, 2005)

The DHS (Department of Homeland Security) implemented the "U.S. Visitor and Immigrant Status Indication Technology (US VISIT)" system -- the use of biometric identification for foreign nationals entering/departing the United States.  This system requires from all foreign nationals a minimum of two biometric identifiers, such as digital photographs and fingerprints.  More importantly, the US VISIT system accesses immigration information about an individual's past/present entry, departure, and stay, and access criminal history (such as DWI and shoplifting) and other information stored in the government's databases.  During the past 2 years, implementation of the US VISIT for entry and departure have been implemented.
"Biometric Entry" Entry/Inspection Information Collection
This system requires from a majority of foreign nationals a minimum of two biometric identifiers upon entry/admission to the United States at the POE (port-of-entry):  digital photographs and digital fingerprints.
"Biometric Exit" Exit Information Collection
"Biometric exit" is similar to the biometric entry/inspection system and requires the foreign national, at the time of departure, to provide a minimum of two biometric identifiers:  digital photographs and digital fingerprints.  Currently, three methods/types of "biometric exit" system are utilized/contemplated:  at a self-service "kiosk (ATM)", "handheld scanning by WSA (Work Station Attendants)," or a combination of both.  Regardless, it appears that printed receipts, obtained through the kiosk and/or WSA may be required to be presented at the gate before boarding.
VWP (Visa Waiver Program) Travelers - Digital Photo Passport Requirement
Travelers who are not required to obtain a "visa sticker" at a U.S. Embassy/Consulate, such as visitors using the VWP (Visa Waiver Program) are strictly required to undergo US VISIT entry/exit inspection as they are not subject to background checks that accompany the "visa sticker" issuance process at the U.S. Embassy/Consulate.
As of June 26, 2005, VWP travelers are required to have MRP (machine-readable passports).
As of October 26, 2005, VWP travelers are required to have MRP (machine-readable passports) that include a digital facial photo (unless passport is MRP and was issued prior to October 26, 2005).
A VWP Traveler who do not meet the above requirements are required to obtain a "visa sticker" (such as the B-1/2) at the U.S. Embassy/Consulate and will not be able to enter the United States under the VWP.  (The following 27 countries are currently in the VWP:  Andorra, Austria, Australia, Belgium, Brunei, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, Singapore, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (including citizens with the unrestricted right of permanent abode in England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man).)
As of October 26, 2006, VWP travelers are required to have "e-Passports."  An e-/biometric-Passport has a "biometric" or a "biometric identifier" (an objective measurement of a physical characteristic of an individual) which, when captured in a database, can be used to verify identity or check against other entries in the database.  The best known biometric is the fingerprint, but others include facial recognition and iris scans.  The standard determined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) utilizes facial recognition technology and stores it on a contactless chip embedded in the passport.  Exceptions will be allowed for individuals who have a MRP passport that was issued prior to October 26, 2005 and to those who have a MRP passport with a digital facial photo if issued between October 26, 2005 and October 26, 2006.
Download: US VISIT & VWP Passport Requirements (DHS) (10/2005)
Gov. Site: US VISIT Site (10/2005) (DHS)
Details/Topic: "US VISIT" System
Details/Topic: Database of Foreign Nationals
Related(LINK): Entry/Admission & Inadmissibility Bars...
8October 26, 20058 US CIS Announces Fee Increase (October 26, 2005)

The US CIS announced a revised fee structure for immigration benefits applications.  The new fee structure becomes effective on October 26, 2005 and will add an average of $10.00 to each application and petition in order to account for inflation.
Download: Filing Fee Increase: Press Release and Chart (DHS/USCIS, FR) (09/26/2005)..

8September 13, 20058 State-by-State Summary of State Laws on Driver's License (CRS Report)
The CRS (Congressional Research Service) has provided an updated report that provides state-by-state summary of state laws on the issuance of driver's licenses to foreign nationals (the CRS provides nonpartisan research, analysis, and information to Members of Congress).  The summary of this document states:  "The final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (9/11 Commission), issued on July 22, 2004, states that 'today more than 9 million people are in the United States outside the legal immigration system.'  As such, the 9/11 Commission recommended that standards be set for the 'issuance of birth certificates and sources of identification, such as driver's licenses,' as 'all but one of the 9/11 hijackers acquired some form of U.S. identification document, some by fraud. Acquisition of these forms of identification would have assisted them in boarding commercial flights, renting cars, and other necessary activities.' The REAL ID Act of 2005 was signed into law (P.L. 109-13) on May 11, 2005 which, among other things establishes standards for the issuance of drivers’ licenses and identification cards. Past events have prompted a series of questions and debate concerning states’ issuance of driver's licenses to illegal aliens. Proponents contend that allowing illegal immigrants to obtain driver's licenses is a matter of public safety. Licensed drivers know the rules of the road and can buy insurance, thus making streets safer for everyone. Conversely, opponents argue that allowing illegal immigrants to obtain driver's licenses compromises national security. Moreover, opponents contend that permitting illegal aliens to obtain driver's licenses encourages such individuals to remain in the United States illegally. Thus, opponents contend that illegal immigrants should not be rewarded with such privileges. This report will briefly summarize the policy arguments related to states’ issuance of driver's licenses to undocumented or illegal aliens. In addition, this report includes a state-by-state summary of the state laws on issuing licenses to immigrants.
Download: CRS Report:  Summary on Driver's License Requirements, State-by-State (CRS) (09/13/2005)
Gov. Site: Congressional Research Service (CRS)
Details/Topic: Immigration News:  Agencies & Policies..
8July 2, 20058 AC21 105 Allows "Bridging" For H-1B "Portability" Applications

To file for a change or extension of nonimmigrant status, the beneficiary must normally be in valid "status" and not simply "authorized stay."  The visa "status" is the validity of the I-94 Arrival/Departure card, and if an application is filed timely during a valid visa "status," the beneficiary of the application is granted "authorized stay" while the application is pending.  Authorized stay is different from status, and while the beneficiary can remain in the United States (and also work in some instances, such as under AC21 105 H-1B "Portability,") the beneficiary cannot use the period of "authorized" stay to create a "bridge" to file additional applications while remaining in the United States.  However, according to a recent US CIS (INS) memorandum, specific to AC21 H-1B 105 "Portability," multiple H-1B applications can be filed as long as the beneficiary has "authorized stay."  For example, if  Employer A timely files a non-frivolous extension of a beneficiary's H-1B status under the AC21 H-1B 105, and the beneficiary's H-1B I-94 visa "status" expires, the beneficiary continues to have "authorized stay" and can remain in the U.S. and work for Employer A.  (Porting under INA §214 does not require that the alien currently be in H-1B status as long as he or she is in a “period of stay authorized by the Attorney General.")
Download: AC21 Interoffice Memorandum [US CIS] [05/05]
Details: AC21 H-1B Employer "Portability"
Details: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visapress
Contact Our Firm/Download Questionnaire: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Questionnaire.press

8June 16, 2005: Immigrant Visa Retrogression:  All Nationalities/Third Preference
The July 2005 Visa Bulletin shows a retrogression to "Unavailable" for employment-based third preference for all nationalities, as well as retrogression in the family-based preferences for Mexico.  Beginning July 1, 2005 and until immigrant visas become available for employment-based third preference categories, affected applicants will not be able to file Form I-485 or concurrently file Form I-140 and Form I-485 unless an immigrant visa number becomes available.  The third preference category for employment-based applications are for Skilled Workers, Professionals, and Other Workers and is 28.6% of the worldwide level, plus any numbers not required by first and second preferences, not more than 10,000 of which to Other Workers.  Family-sponsored and employment-based preference visas are issued to eligible immigrants in the order in which a petition in behalf of each has been filed (spouses and children of preference immigrants are entitled to the same status, and the same order of consideration, if accompanying or following to join the principal).  The cut-off date for an oversubscribed category is the priority date of the first applicant who could not be reached within the numerical limits.  Only applicants who have a priority date earlier than the cut-off date may be allotted a number.  Applicants who file for I-485 adjustment of status in the employment-based third preference before July 1, 2005 (other than those from mainland China, India and the Philippines) will have a priority date earlier than the cut-off date and will be allotted a number.
Download: Retrogression/Third Preference Category (Visa Bulletin/DOS) (7/2005)
i8Details: Concurrent Filing of I-140 and I-485 (Immigrant Visa/Employment-Based)
Related Topic:
8December 29, 2005 13, 20058 Immigrant Visa Retrogression:  China, India, Philippines
As a result of the immigrant visa regression, beginning on January 1, 2005, and until further notice, affected applicants from mainland China, India, and the Philippines will not be able to file Form I-485 or concurrently file Form I-140 and Form I-485 unless an immigrant visa number is available, pursuant to the Visa Bulletin.  There is an annual minimum family-sponsored preference limit of 226,000. The worldwide level for annual employment-based preference immigrants is at least 140,000.  Family-sponsored and employment-based preference visas are issued to eligible immigrants in the order in which a petition in behalf of each has been filed (spouses and children of preference immigrants are entitled to the same status, and the same order of consideration, if accompanying or following to join the principal).  The visa prorating provisions of Section 202(e) apply to allocations for a foreign state or dependent area when visa demand exceeds the per-country limit.  These provisions apply at present to the following oversubscribed chargeability areas: mainland China, India, and the Philippines.
Download: Concurrent Filing Memo (Regression/Country Specific) (US CIS/DHS) (12/2004)
i8Details: Concurrent Filing of I-140 and I-485 (Immigrant Visa/Employment-Based)press

8June 13, 20058 AC21 104(c) H-11B Periods (Beyond Initial 6-Year Limitation)
There are three ways to obtain additional H-1B periods beyond the initial 6-year limitation.  One type is the AC21 104(c) "One-Time" H-1B Extension, where extensions beyond the normal six (6) year are available to H-1B holders with approved I-140 immigrant preference visa applications who suffer from "per country limits" and cannot file I-485 "adjustment of status" applications or process for Consular Processing abroad.  Such H-1B visa holders may file to extend H-1B status in 3-year increments until the I-485 adjustment application can be processed.  The US CIS has clarified that while this provision is known as the "one-time" extension, H-1B holders in this situation can extend as necessary, and contrary to the AC 106(a) [see below] which allows extension in 1-year increments, 3-years can be requested.
Download: AC21 104(c) H-1B "One-Time" Extension Clarification Memo (05/05) (US CIS)
i8Details: Additional H-1B Visa Periods (H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
i8Details: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa
i8Contact Our Firm/Download Questionnaire: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visapres
8June 12, 20058 AC21 106(a) H-1B Periods (Beyond Initial 6-Year Limitation)

There are three ways to obtain additional H-1B periods beyond the initial 6-year limitation.  One type is the AC21 106(a) "Filed LCA" H-1B Extension, where 1-year extension requests can be made as long as the H-1B beneficiary can benefit from any application for (a) a labor certification that has been pending for 365 days or more, or (b) I-140 immigrant petition that has been pending for 365 days or more.  The recent memorandum clarifies when a beneficiary can file an "early" and/or "combined" 7th year H-1B extension.
"Early" Extension Application:  A beneficiary is eligible for as long as either the qualifying labor certification application or I-140 petition has or will have been pending for at least 365 days prior to the beneficiary's requested start date, regardless of whether the H-1B extension application is filed prior to the passage of such period.  (Note:  If the beneficiary would no longer be in H-1B status at the time that 365 days from the filing of the labor certification application or immigrant petition has run, thus leaving a gap in valid status, then the extension of stay request cannot be granted.)
"Combined" Extension Application:  The beneficiary should be in valid H-1B status when filing for the extension that is normally made in 1-year increments.  However, a "combined" submission that will include a normal H-1B extension request and the 1-year extension can be made at the same time (request for any remaining time left in the initial 6-year period and the 1-year extension).
"Substitution" Extension Application:  LCAs are filed for a beneficiary, but the petitioner/employer can use a filed LCA for a different beneficiary (substitution).
Download: AC21 106(a) H-1B 7th Yr. Extension Clarification Memo (05/05) (US CIS)
i8Details: Additional H-1B Periods (including AC21) (H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Section)
i8Details: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa
i8Contact Our Firm/Download Questionnaire: H-1B Nonimmigrant Visapres
8June 6, 20058 L-1 Visa Reform Act / Increase in Fees & Limitations

L-1 visas are designed to transfer executives or managers (L-1A) or employees with specialized knowledge (L-1B) within an international organization to its U.S.-based operation.  L-1 visa holders may be admitted for up to a maximum initial period of 3 years (1 year for a new office situation).  L visas may be extended in 2 year increments, with a total maximum period of 7 years for L-1A executives and managers and 5 years for L-1B specialized knowledge personnel.
President Bush, on December 8, 2004, signed the L-1 Visa Reform Act that requires of a new "fraud detection and prevention" fee of $500.00 all initial L visa applications (extensions or amendments for the same L visa US employer are exempt).  The fee requirement is effective on March 8, 2004.  The $500 fee does not need to be submitted by: 1) employers who seek to extend a current H-1B or L alien’s status where such an extension does not involve a change of employers; 2) employers who are seeking H-1B1, Chile-Singapore Free Trade Act nonimmigrants; or 3) dependents of H-1B or L principal beneficiaries.
The L-1 Visa Reform Act also amends previous legislation by requiring all L-1 temporary workers -- including the "blanket L" -- to have worked for a period of no less than one (1) year outside the United States for an employer with a qualifying relationship to the US Employer.  This change applies to petitions for initial L-1 classification filed with US CIS on/after June 6, 2005.
The L-1 Visa Reform Act also addresses the issue of “outsourcing.”  L-1B temporary workers can no longer work primarily at a worksite other than their petitioning employer if the work will be controlled and supervised by a different employer or if the offsite arrangement is essentially to provide labor for hire, rather than service related to the specialized knowledge of the petitioning employer.  This limitation will apply to all L-1B petitions filed with US CIS on/after June 6, 2005, and includes extensions and amendments involving individuals currently in L-1 status.
Download: L-1 Visa Reform Act (US CIS) (06/2005)
Download: L-1 Visa Reform Act (US CIS) (12/2004)
Related(LINK): L-1 Nonimmigrant Visapres
8June 1, 20058 All I-90 "Green Card" To Be Filed at Los Angeles Lockbox...

As of May 31, 2005 aliens must mail applications to renew or replace Permanent Resident Cards, commonly known as “green cards,” directly to the Los Angeles Lockbox. The Lockbox is a processing facility used by USCIS to accelerate the collection of applications and petitions.  This change allows USCIS to improve the processing of Form I-90 (Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card) by electronically capturing data and images and by performing fee receipting and depositing from one central location, rather than at the local District Office, Service Center, or Application Support Center (ASC).  On and after May 31st, aliens filing a Form I-90, regardless of their state of residence, must mail those applications with an application fee of $185 and a biometrics fee of $70 to the Los Angeles Lockbox.
Download: Los Angeles Lockbox (US CIS) (06/2005)
Related(LINK): Maintaining LPR "Green Card" Status (Naturalization/Citizenship Section)press

8May 15, 20058 E-3 Visas for Australian Nationals (Spouses Eligible for Work Authorization)...
On May 11, President Bush signed into law H.R. 1268, the "Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005."  Provisions included a new E-3 Professional Visa for Australian nationals.  While no implementation date has been set forth, the E-3 visa is similar to the H-1B professional visa, it is renewable in 5 year increments (no limitation on renewals) and spouses of E-3 holders are granted work authorization.  Compared to the H-1B that suffers from numerical limitation, high filing fees, and 6-year maximum period (except in certain circumstances), the E-3 may be very advantageous to nationals of Australia and their spouses.
The E-3 is:
(a) limited to 10,500 per fiscal year,
(b) E-3 petitioners/employers must file a ETA-9035 LCA (used for H-1Bs) and provide the higher of the actual/prevailing wage,
(c) file for a position that is a "specialty occupation" (identical to the H-1B "specialty occupation"),
(d) E-3 visa holder will be provided 2-year duration of stay per entry (but the visa is valid for 5 years),
(e) E-3 spouses are provided work authorization, and
(f) the E-3 can be renewed indefinitely.
The US CIS and the DOS will announce the rules in the future when filing can begin.
Download: E-3 Visa (HR 1268 [E-3 section only]) (05/11/2005)pre
8May 1, 20058 US CIS RFE (Request for Evidence) Issuance / US CIS Guidance Memorandum

Applications filed with the US CIS may result in an RFE (Request for Evidence) for many reasons, including determination errors (or other errors) by the US CIS.  At the same time, RFEs allow applicants who filed the application to provide additional information, clarification, documents, etc., that can address the concerns and questions raised by the US CIS (including, responding to incorrect determinations or reviews).
In April of 2004, the US CIS issued a guidance memorandum that curtailed the issuance of RFEs and allowed officers to deny an application without providing the applicant the opportunity to address specific and/or general concerns and questions raised by the US CIS.
The April 2004 memorandum caused unwarranted, peremptory denials by the US CIS.
In April of 2005, a new memorandum was issued -- rescinding the Draconian and arbitrary guidelines issued a year before -- and appropriate issuance of RFE by the US CIS have resumed.  The memorandum provides guidance to US CIS Officers:  Approvals should be granted when the application has a "preponderance of evidence" (to meet the criteria of a particular application); Denials should be issued when there is "evidence of clear ineligibility" (for example, an E-1/2 Treaty Application where these is no treaty, etc.); RFEs are issued when there is missing information/evidence (or clarification helpful).  If the officer feels that a response to an RFE would not suffice, then a NOID (Notice of Intent to Deny) will be issued (affording the applicant an opportunity).
Download: NEW "RFE (Request for Evidence) Issuance" Guidance Memo (US CIS/DHS) (04/2005)
Download: OLD "RFE (Request for Evidence) Issuance" Guidance Memo (US CIS/DHS) (04/2004)
Related(LINK): Nonimmigrant Visa Section000pre

8April 15, 20058Correcting Visa "Status (I-94)" Information
The I-94 Arrival/Departure Record card is issued upon admission into the United States at a Port-Of-Entry (POE) by the US CBP (Customs & Border Protection), or within the United States by the US CIS (Citizenship & Immigration Service) with Approval Notice I-797A (if extentions/change of visa "status" is filed and approved.)  Once a nonimmigrant foreign national is in the United States, the I-94 Arrival/Departure Record card documents the individual's visa "status," category of admission, and duration of stay.
Errors in the I-94 Arrival/Departure Record card (category of admission, status and duration of stay) can impact the foreign national during his/her stay in the United States, and also in the future.  (The I-94 departure section must be provided when leaving the United States.)
With the implementation of the US VISIT system (biometric tracking of arrival/departure/stay/conduct of foreign nationals in the United States), and the commencement of the US VISIT "exit" procedure, it is even more important to make sure that information contained in the I-94 Arrival/Departure Record card is accurate.

An April 2005 Memorandum from the US CBP (Customs & Border Protection) informs that corrections for I-94 issued at a Port-Of-Entry (POE) can be requested at the actual US CBP POE or at a Local/District "Deferred Inspection" Department of the US CBP Office nearest to the foreign national's final destination.
Download: US CBP Correcting I-94s Issued at POE (04/2005) (US CBP/DHS)
i8Gov. Site: US CBP Port-Of-Entry (POE) Office Locations (04/2005) (US CBP/DHS)
i8Gov. Site: US CBP Local/District "Def. Inspec." Office Locations (04/2005) (US CBP/DHS)
Download: US CBP Local/District Office List (05/2004) (US CBP/DHS)

Correction for I-94 errors for I-94 cards issued by the US CIS (Citizenship & Immigration Service) for example, issued by the Regional US CIS Service Center with an approved I-797A extension/change of visa "status" application] can be requested at the Local/District US CIS Office.  (However, if the Local/District US CIS Office cannot make a determination/correction, then the foreign national will need to file Form I-102 with the Regional US CIS Service Center.)
Download: US CIS Correcting I-94s Issued With I-797 (03/2004) (US CIS/DHS)

If there are concerns relating to the collected/retained information in the US VISIT system, a redress/amend request can be either faxed and/or mailed to the DHS.
Download: US VISIT Redress/Amend Fact Sheet (06/2004) (DHS)
i8Gov. Site: US VISIT Redress/Amend Information (06/2004) (DHS)
i8Gov. Site: US VISIT Site (06/2004) (DHS)


Related Topics:
VWP ("No Visa") Travelers Who Have Overstayed:
VWP (Visa Waiver Program) nationals may visit the United States temporarily, even without a visa "sticker."  While no change of status or no extension of stay is allowed, those individuals of participating VWP countries who have B-1 or B-2 intent, and who wish to enter the U.S. for less than three (3) months, can enter the U.S. without a visa "sticker" (issued by the Dept. of States).  As of October 26, 2004, VWP travelers must be in possession of a MRP (Machine-Readable Passport).  In the future, the traveler will also be required to have a MRP passport with biometric identifiers.  (Currently, while many may have a MRP passport, the biometric information is not included.  Therefore, as of September 30, 2004 US VISIT biometric entry inspection will be required for visitors entering the United States with the VWP (Visa Waiver Program) so that confirmation and collection of biometric information can be made).
Currently, if a VWP traveler has overstayed a previous visit to the United States under the VWP program, the foreign national is subject to detention, handcuffing and is denied entry into the United States.
However, Commissioner Bonner of the US CBP (Customs and Border Protection) announced in August 2004 that CBP officers will have discretion to grant no-risk travelers who overstayed under the VWP on a prior visit a one-time parole.  Commissioner Bonner stated:  "U.S. Customs and Border Protection is a law enforcement agency, but enforcement must always be tempered with common sense. If individuals are not a potential terrorist threat or criminal threat; nor are likely to contribute to the illegal population, and the overstay was short and inadvertent or for reasons beyond the applicant's control, CBP officers and supervisors have the authority to parole them into the U.S..."
CPB officers are now given discretion in the field to parole those who pose no risk for terrorism, criminality, or those who will become economic migrants.
Download: VWP Overstay / One-Time Parole (08/04) (DHS/US CBP)
i8Details: Nonimmigrant Visa (VWP section)